Basic Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Why can carbon form so many different compounds?

Answer 1

• Carbon can form four bonds
• Can form different types of bonds
• Ability to catenate

Question 2

What is an alicylic hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

A hydrocarbon where the carbons are joined in ring structure

Question 3

What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?

Answer 3

A hydrocarbon where the individual carbons are joined in a straight line or branched

Question 4

What is an alkane?

Answer 4

The homologous series with the formula CnH2n+2

Question 5

What is a homologous series?

Answer 5

A series of organic compounds that have the same functional group but differ by CH2

Question 6

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 6

A compound containing just hydrogen and carbon

Question 7

What is a saturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 7

A hydrocarbon with single bonds only

Question 8

What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 8

A hydrocarbon containing carbon double bonds

Question 9

What properties make a compound fit into a homologous series?

Answer 9

• When they have the same functional group
• Same reactivity
• Similar reactions

Question 10

What is a cycloalkane?

Answer 10

An alkane where the carbons are arranged in a ring

Question 11

What is the displayed formula?

Answer 11

A formula showing the relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds

Question 12

What is the empirical formula?

Answer 12

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 13

What is the general formula?

Answer 13

The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series

Question 14

What is the skeletal formula?

Answer 14

A simplified organic formula excluding hydrocarbons and leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups

Question 15

What is the structural formula?

Answer 15

A formula showing the minimal detail for the arrangement of atoms in a moecule

Question 16

Naming organic compounds: Alkane

Answer 16

Formula of functional group: N/A
Prefix: N/A
Suffix: -ane

Question 17

Naming organic compounds: Alkene

Answer 17

Formula of functional group: C=C
Prefix: N/A
Suffix: -ene

Question 18

Naming organic compounds: Halogenoealkane

Answer 18

Formula of functional group: -CF, -CCl, -CBr, -CI
Prefix: Fluoro, Chloro, Bromo, Iodo
Suffix: -ane

Question 19

Naming organic compounds: Alcohol

Answer 19

Formula of functional group: -OH
Prefix: Hydroxyl
Suffix: -ol

Question 20

Naming organic compounds: Aldehydes

Answer 20

Formula of functional group: -CHO
Prefix: N/A
Suffix: -al

Question 21

Naming organic compounds: Ketone

Answer 21

Formula of functional group: C-CO-C
Prefix: N/A
Suffix: -one

Question 22

Naming organic compounds: Carboxylic acid

Answer 22

Formula of functional group: -COOH
Prefix: N/A
Suffix: -oic acid`

Question 23

Rules for naming organic compounds

Answer 23

• Identify parent chain
• Name the stem of the parent chain
• Identify alkyl groups and place them before stem name
• Identify suffix or prefix
• Number alkyl groups and functional groups with the smallest possible numbers starting with functional groups

Question 24

Structural isomerism

Answer 24

A form of isomerism in which molecules with the same molecular formula have bonded together in different order

Question 25

In what three ways can structural isomerism occur?

Answer 25

Chain isomerism
Functional group isomerism
Positional isomerism