The Atom

Question 1

What are atoms the basis of?

Answer 1

All chemistry.

Question 2

What are all elements made up of?

Answer 2

Atoms.

Question 3

What are atoms made up of?

Answer 3

Three types of particles.

Question 4

What are the three types of subatomic particles atoms are made up of?

Answer 4

• Protons
• Neutrons
• Electrons

Question 5

How are protons, neutrons and electrons arranged in the atom?

Answer 5

image.

Question 6

What do the electrons do?

Answer 6

They whiz around the nucleus in orbitals.

Question 7

What do the orbitals take up?

Answer 7

Most of the volume of the atom.

Question 8

What is concentrated in the nucleus?

Answer 8

Most of the mass of the atom, even though the diameter of the nucleus is small compared to the whole atom

Question 9

What do you find in the nucleus?

Answer 9

• Protons

* Neutrons

Question 10

What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 10

1

Question 11

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 11

1

Question 12

What is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 12

1/2000

Question 13

What is the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 13

+1

Question 14

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 14

0

Question 15

What is the relative charge of an electron?

Answer 15

-1

Question 16

How do you find the mass number and the atomic (proton) number of an element from the periodic table?

Answer 16

By looking at the element’s nuclear symbol, e.g.

image.

Question 17

What is the mass number?

Answer 17

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 18

What is the atomic number?

Answer 18

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (or electrons).

Question 19

What does the atomic (proton) number do?

Answer 19

It identifies the element.

Question 20

What do all atoms of the same element have?

Answer 20

The same number of protons.

Question 21

What do neutral atoms have?

Answer 21

No overall charge.

Question 22

Why do neutral atoms have no overall charge?

Answer 22

Because the number of electrons is the same as the number of protons.

Question 23

How do you find the number of neutrons?

Answer 23

Mass number minus atomic number (top number minus bottom number in the nuclear symbol).

Question 24

What can atoms form?

Answer 24

Ions.

Question 25

How do atoms form ions?

Answer 25

By gaining or losing electrons.

Question 26

What are the two types of ions?

Answer 26

* Positive ions. | * Negative ions.

Question 27

How is a positive ion formed?

Answer 27

When an atom loses electrons meaning there are more protons than electrons which create a positive charge.

Question 28

How is a negative ion formed?

Answer 28

When an atom gains electrons meaning there are less protons than electrons which create a negative charge.

Question 29

What are isotopes?

Answer 29

Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

Question 30

What decides the chemical properties of an element?

Answer 30

The number and arrangement of the electrons.

Question 31

What do both elements and their isotopes have?

Answer 31

The same configuration of electrons, so they have the same chemical properties

Question 32

What is different between elements and their isotopes?

Answer 32

Their physical properties (e.g. rates of diffusion and densities).

Question 33

Why are the physical properties of elements different than their isotopes?

Answer 33

Because physical properties depend on the mass number.