Electronic Structure Flashcards
What do electrons have in the currently accepted model of the atom?
Fixed energies.
What do electrons do in the currently accepted model of the atom?
They move around the nucleus in certain regions of the atom called shells or energy levels.
What are the shells given in the currently accepted model of the atom?
A number called the principal quantum number.
What happens when the shells are further away from the nucleus in the currently accepted model of the atom?
- It has a higher energy.
* It has a larger quantum number.
What do experiments show about the electrons in a shell?
That not all the electrons in a shell have exactly the same energy.
What do different electron shells have?
Different numbers of sub-shells, which each have a different energy.
What can sub-shells be?
- s sub-shells
- p sub-shells
- d sub-shells
- f sub-shells
How many sub-shells does the first electron shell contain?
One sub shell, 1s.
How many sub-shells does the second electron shell contain?
Two sub shells, 2s and 2p.
How many sub-shells does the third electron shell contain?
Three sub-shells, 3s, 3p and 3d.
How many sub-shells does the fourth electron shell contain?
Four sub-shells, 4s, 4p, 4d and 4f.
What do all the sub-shells have?
Different numbers of orbitals.
How many electrons can each orbital hold?
2
How many electrons can the s sub-shell hold?
2
How many electrons can the p sub-shell hold?
6
How many electrons can the d sub-shell hold?
10
How many electrons can the f sub-shell hold?
14
How many orbitals do the s sub-shells have?
1
How many orbitals do the p sub-shells have?
3
How many orbitals do the d sub-shells have?
5
How many orbitals do the f sub-shells have?
7
How man electrons can the first shell hold?
2
How many electrons can the second shell hold?
8
How many electrons can the third shell hold?
18
How many electrons can the fourth shell hold?
32
What is electron configuration?
The number of electrons that an atom or ion has, and how they are arranged.
What are the ways of showing electron configurations?
- Sub-shell notation
- Arrows in boxes
- Energy level diagrams
How do you show electron configurations using sub-shell notation?
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How do you show electron configurations using arrows in boxes?
- Each of the boxes represents one orbital.
- Each arrow represents one electron.
- The up and down arrows represents the electrons spinning in different directions.
- Only two electrons can occupy one orbital.
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How do you show electron configurations using energy level diagrams?
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What doe energy level diagrams show?
- The energy of the electrons in different orbitals.
- The number of electrons
- The arrangement of electrons.
What rule applies to the electron configurations of ions?
You add or remove electrons for ions from the s and p blocks of the periodic table
What rule applies while showing electron configurations using arrows in boxes?
The electrons fill orbitals in a sub-shell singly before they start sharing.
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What rules applies to all electron configurations?
- The electrons fill up the lowest energy sub-shells first.
* The 4s sub-shell has a lower energy than the 3d sub-shell, so it fills up first.
What are shortened electron configurations?
When noble gas symbols in square brackets are used to shorthand electron configurations.
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