The Atom Flashcards

1
Q

The indivisible particles Leucippus and Democritus said would be the result of dividing matter again and again

A

atoms

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2
Q

The model John Dalton adopted (also by Leucippus and Democritus)

A

spherical model

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3
Q

Who made the plum pudding model and said that atoms are actually divisible (with electrons in a sea of positive charge)?

A

JJ Thomson

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4
Q

Who did the alpha scattering experiment on thin gold foil (showing positive alpha particles passed through most of the atom)?

A

Ernest Rutherford

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5
Q

The atom is mostly open/closed space

A

Open

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6
Q

Atoms of different elements have ____ positive charges

A

different

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7
Q

Who discovered protons?

A

Eugen Goldstein

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8
Q

Who discovered neutrons?

A

James Chadwick

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9
Q

Who developed the Planetary model (showing electrons orbiting in specific energy levels)?

A

Niels Bohr

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10
Q

What model did Ernest Rutherford develop?

A

Nuclear Model

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11
Q

Who said particles such as electrons exhibit wave like behavior?

A

Louie de Broglie

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12
Q

Who revised Bohr’s model?

A

Erwin Schrödinger

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13
Q

What did Werner Heisenberg say about modeling electrons?

A

It is mathematically impossible to know the position and momentum of an electron at a specific time

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14
Q

The region electrons are most likely to be found

A

atomic orbitals

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15
Q

What is in John Dalton’s theory?

A
  1. Elements are composed of small particles called atoms
  2. Law of Conservation of Mass (total mass of reactants = total mass of products)
  3. Law of Definite Proportion or Composition
  4. Law of Multiple Proportions
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16
Q

What does the law of definite proportion mean?

A

H2O = 1 hydrogen for every 2 oxygen and vice versa

17
Q

What does the law of Multiple proportions mean?

A

atoms can combine or separate to make variations of a product in different proportions (carbon and oxygen can make CO2 or CO)

18
Q

What are the nucleons (found in nucleus)?

A

protons and neutrons

19
Q

Who discovered the photoelectric effect?

A

Heinrich Hertz

20
Q

What did Albert Einstein theorize for light?

A

Existence of packets of light now called photons

21
Q

Who proposed that the momentum (frequency) is inversely proportional to the wavelength?

A

Louie de Broglie

22
Q

What does the principal quantum number represent?

A

shell or energy level

23
Q

What does the Azimuthal quantum number represent?

A

electron subshell

24
Q

What does the magnetic quantum number represent?

25
What does the spin magnetic quantum number represent?
magnetic spin
26
No two electrons can have the same set of quantum numbers
Pauli's Exclusion Principle
27
Electrons occupy singly before pairing up
Hund's Rule of Maximum Multiplicity
28
Electrons occupy the lowest available energy levels before filling higher levels
Aufbau Principle
29
Who devised the Modern Periodic Table of Elements?
Dmitri Mendeleev
30
Materials that have properties in between metals and non metals
Metalloids
31
what is electronegativity?
ability to attract an electron
32
what is ionization energy?
energy needed to remove an electron
33
what is electron affinity?
energy released when a gaseous atom gains an electron
34
what are ions?
atoms that have lost or gained electrons (changing its charge)
35
positively atoms are smaller than neutral atoms, true or false?
true
36
why are anions larger than the neutral atom?
because there are more electrons in the cloud