Composition and Phases of Matter

Question 1

What is the Tyndall effect?

Answer 1

the scattering of light

Question 2

What is molarity (M)?

Answer 2

mol/solution

Question 3

What is molality (m)?

Answer 3

mol/solvent

Question 4

Substance vs mixture?

Answer 4

Substance - cannot be separated physically

Mixtures - can be separated physically

Question 5

Two or more elements are combined

Answer 5

Compounds

Question 6

A mixture of two metals

Answer 6

alloy

Question 7

What are suspensions?

Answer 7

Mixtures with enough weight difference to separate

Question 8

What are colloids?

Answer 8

Appear homogenous but are heterogenous and show the tyndall effect

Question 9

extent of solubility

Answer 9

Saturation Concentration

Question 10

What does Henry’s law state?

Answer 10

Solubility of gas increases when pressure increases

Question 11

Solubility of gas increases when ______ decreases

Answer 11

temperature

Question 12

Adding more solute will ______ boiling point

Answer 12

elevate

Question 13

Adding more solute will ______ freezing point

Answer 13

depress

Question 14

Adding more solute will ______ vapor pressure

Answer 14

lower

Question 15

Adding more solute will ______ osmotic pressure

Answer 15

elevate

Question 16

turns blue litmus paper red

Answer 16

acid

Question 17

do acids change the color of phenolpthalein?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

tastes bitter

Answer 18

bases

Question 19

Arrhenius Theory: acid releases _____ and bases release _____

Answer 19

acid - H

bases - OH

Question 20

Brønsted- Lowry Theory: acids are proton (H+) _____ and bases are proton ____

Answer 20

acids - proton DONORS

bases - proton ACCEPTORS

Question 21

The Lewis Theory is just the opposite of the Brønsted- Lowry Theory, true or false?

Answer 21

yes (states that acids are electron pair ACCEPTORS)

Question 22

What is produced in a neutralization reaction (acid+base)?

Answer 22

water and salt

Question 23

gas to solid

Answer 23

deposition

Question 24

solid to gas

Answer 24

sublimation

Question 25

solid to liquid

Answer 25

melting

Question 26

liquid to solid

Answer 26

freezing

Question 27

liquid to gas

Answer 27

evaporation

Question 28

gas to liquid

Answer 28

condensation

Question 29

state of matter where particles are disassociated sea of electrons and positive nuclei

Answer 29

plasma

Question 30

bose-einstein condensate

Answer 30

particles don't have individual properties and act like a single atom (only made artificially)

Question 31

phase changes are caused by what?

Answer 31

temperature and pressure

Question 32

the forces of attraction that exist between molecules of matter

Answer 32

Intermolecular Forces of Attraction (IMFA)

Question 33

IMFA is stronger in ______

Answer 33

solids and liquids

Question 34

What are London dispersion forces?

Answer 34

bonding between nonpolar fat molecules and hydrocarbons

Question 35

What are dipole-dipole interactions?

Answer 35

occure between neutral polar molecules

Question 36

Hydrogen bonding is?

Answer 36

involves a dipole consisting of H and a very electronegative atom (N O F)

Question 37

Which is the weakest IMFA?

Answer 37

London dispersion

Question 38

Are boiling point and viscosity proportional to the strength of the IMFA?

Answer 38

yes

Question 39

What is surface tension?

Answer 39

Force distribution that leads to the minimization of surface area

Question 40

Forces between like molecules: cohesion or adhesion?

Answer 40

cohesion

Question 41

The theory that explains behavior of gases

Answer 41

Kinetic Particle Theory

Question 42

the law on the inverse relationship between gas volume and pressure

Answer 42

Boyle's law

Question 43

What is Charles' Law?

Answer 43

Volume and temperature are in direct proportion

Question 44

What is Gay-Lussac's Law?

Answer 44

Pressure and temperature are in direct proportion

Question 45

What is Avogadro's Law?

Answer 45

Volume of gas and amount of moles are in direct proportion

Question 46

universal gas constant

Answer 46

0.0821 l(atm)/mol(K)

Question 47

Standard temperature and pressure (STP)

Answer 47

273K at 1.0 atm

Question 48

What does Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures state?

Answer 48

Total pressure of mixture of gases is simply the sum of partial pressures of each component

Question 49

Escape of gas through a small hole

Answer 49

Effusion

Question 50

What law states that the rate of effusion is inversely proportional with the square root of its molecular mass?

Answer 50

Graham's Law of Effusion