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Science Module 4 > Composition and Phases of Matter > Flashcards

Composition and Phases of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Tyndall effect?

A

the scattering of light

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2
Q

What is molarity (M)?

A

mol/solution

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3
Q

What is molality (m)?

A

mol/solvent

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4
Q

Substance vs mixture?

A

Substance - cannot be separated physically

Mixtures - can be separated physically

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5
Q

Two or more elements are combined

A

Compounds

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6
Q

A mixture of two metals

A

alloy

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7
Q

What are suspensions?

A

Mixtures with enough weight difference to separate

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8
Q

What are colloids?

A

Appear homogenous but are heterogenous and show the tyndall effect

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9
Q

extent of solubility

A

Saturation Concentration

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10
Q

What does Henry’s law state?

A

Solubility of gas increases when pressure increases

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11
Q

Solubility of gas increases when ______ decreases

A

temperature

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12
Q

Adding more solute will ______ boiling point

A

elevate

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13
Q

Adding more solute will ______ freezing point

A

depress

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14
Q

Adding more solute will ______ vapor pressure

A

lower

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15
Q

Adding more solute will ______ osmotic pressure

A

elevate

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16
Q

turns blue litmus paper red

A

acid

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17
Q

do acids change the color of phenolpthalein?

A

no

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18
Q

tastes bitter

A

bases

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19
Q

Arrhenius Theory: acid releases _____ and bases release _____

A

acid - H

bases - OH

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20
Q

Brønsted- Lowry Theory: acids are proton (H+) _____ and bases are proton ____

A

acids - proton DONORS

bases - proton ACCEPTORS

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21
Q

The Lewis Theory is just the opposite of the Brønsted- Lowry Theory, true or false?

A

yes (states that acids are electron pair ACCEPTORS)

22
Q

What is produced in a neutralization reaction (acid+base)?

A

water and salt

23
Q

gas to solid

A

deposition

24
Q

solid to gas

A

sublimation

25
Q

solid to liquid

A

melting

26
Q

liquid to solid

A

freezing

27
Q

liquid to gas

A

evaporation

28
Q

gas to liquid

A

condensation

29
Q

state of matter where particles are disassociated sea of electrons and positive nuclei

A

plasma

30
Q

bose-einstein condensate

A

particles don’t have individual properties and act like a single atom (only made artificially)

31
Q

phase changes are caused by what?

A

temperature and pressure

32
Q

the forces of attraction that exist between molecules of matter

A

Intermolecular Forces of Attraction (IMFA)

33
Q

IMFA is stronger in ______

A

solids and liquids

34
Q

What are London dispersion forces?

A

bonding between nonpolar fat molecules and hydrocarbons

35
Q

What are dipole-dipole interactions?

A

occure between neutral polar molecules

36
Q

Hydrogen bonding is?

A

involves a dipole consisting of H and a very electronegative atom (N O F)

37
Q

Which is the weakest IMFA?

A

London dispersion

38
Q

Are boiling point and viscosity proportional to the strength of the IMFA?

A

yes

39
Q

What is surface tension?

A

Force distribution that leads to the minimization of surface area

40
Q

Forces between like molecules: cohesion or adhesion?

A

cohesion

41
Q

The theory that explains behavior of gases

A

Kinetic Particle Theory

42
Q

the law on the inverse relationship between gas volume and pressure

A

Boyle’s law

43
Q

What is Charles’ Law?

A

Volume and temperature are in direct proportion

44
Q

What is Gay-Lussac’s Law?

A

Pressure and temperature are in direct proportion

45
Q

What is Avogadro’s Law?

A

Volume of gas and amount of moles are in direct proportion

46
Q

universal gas constant

A

0.0821 l(atm)/mol(K)

47
Q

Standard temperature and pressure (STP)

A

273K at 1.0 atm

48
Q

What does Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures state?

A

Total pressure of mixture of gases is simply the sum of partial pressures of each component

49
Q

Escape of gas through a small hole

A

Effusion

50
Q

What law states that the rate of effusion is inversely proportional with the square root of its molecular mass?

A

Graham’s Law of Effusion

Science Module 4 (4 decks)

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