Composition and Phases of Matter Flashcards
What is the Tyndall effect?
the scattering of light
What is molarity (M)?
mol/solution
What is molality (m)?
mol/solvent
Substance vs mixture?
Substance - cannot be separated physically
Mixtures - can be separated physically
Two or more elements are combined
Compounds
A mixture of two metals
alloy
What are suspensions?
Mixtures with enough weight difference to separate
What are colloids?
Appear homogenous but are heterogenous and show the tyndall effect
extent of solubility
Saturation Concentration
What does Henry’s law state?
Solubility of gas increases when pressure increases
Solubility of gas increases when ______ decreases
temperature
Adding more solute will ______ boiling point
elevate
Adding more solute will ______ freezing point
depress
Adding more solute will ______ vapor pressure
lower
Adding more solute will ______ osmotic pressure
elevate
turns blue litmus paper red
acid
do acids change the color of phenolpthalein?
no
tastes bitter
bases
Arrhenius Theory: acid releases _____ and bases release _____
acid - H
bases - OH
Brønsted- Lowry Theory: acids are proton (H+) _____ and bases are proton ____
acids - proton DONORS
bases - proton ACCEPTORS
The Lewis Theory is just the opposite of the Brønsted- Lowry Theory, true or false?
yes (states that acids are electron pair ACCEPTORS)
What is produced in a neutralization reaction (acid+base)?
water and salt
gas to solid
deposition
solid to gas
sublimation
solid to liquid
melting
liquid to solid
freezing
liquid to gas
evaporation
gas to liquid
condensation
state of matter where particles are disassociated sea of electrons and positive nuclei
plasma
bose-einstein condensate
particles don’t have individual properties and act like a single atom (only made artificially)
phase changes are caused by what?
temperature and pressure
the forces of attraction that exist between molecules of matter
Intermolecular Forces of Attraction (IMFA)
IMFA is stronger in ______
solids and liquids
What are London dispersion forces?
bonding between nonpolar fat molecules and hydrocarbons
What are dipole-dipole interactions?
occure between neutral polar molecules
Hydrogen bonding is?
involves a dipole consisting of H and a very electronegative atom (N O F)
Which is the weakest IMFA?
London dispersion
Are boiling point and viscosity proportional to the strength of the IMFA?
yes
What is surface tension?
Force distribution that leads to the minimization of surface area
Forces between like molecules: cohesion or adhesion?
cohesion
The theory that explains behavior of gases
Kinetic Particle Theory
the law on the inverse relationship between gas volume and pressure
Boyle’s law
What is Charles’ Law?
Volume and temperature are in direct proportion
What is Gay-Lussac’s Law?
Pressure and temperature are in direct proportion
What is Avogadro’s Law?
Volume of gas and amount of moles are in direct proportion
universal gas constant
0.0821 l(atm)/mol(K)
Standard temperature and pressure (STP)
273K at 1.0 atm
What does Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures state?
Total pressure of mixture of gases is simply the sum of partial pressures of each component
Escape of gas through a small hole
Effusion
What law states that the rate of effusion is inversely proportional with the square root of its molecular mass?
Graham’s Law of Effusion
