The Atom

Question 1

Subatomic particles

Answer 1

o Electron – negative charge and little mass
o Proton – positive charge, tells what kind element it is
o Neutron – no charge

Question 2

Rutherford’s discovery in 1911 proved:

Answer 2

o The atom is mostly empty space

o With a very dense nucleus

Question 3

Atomic number

Answer 3

The number of protons of an atom, determines which element the atom is

Question 4

Atomic mass

Answer 4

the average mass (weight) of the atom taking into account all the isotopes
The sum of protons and neutrons

Question 5

Isotopes

Answer 5

Atoms that have the same amount of protons, but different amount of neutrons
Changes mass, but not chemical properties

Question 6

Stable isotopes use

Answer 6

Used to study diet as the ratio passes up the food chain

Question 7

Radioactive isotopes use

Answer 7

Used to study age: using known rate of decay, can measure how much of the isotope exists and thus how old something is

Question 8

Ion

Answer 8

Any atom with a net charge

An atom with either more or less electrons than the number of protons

Question 9

Electrons orbitals

Answer 9

• S (spherical) up to 2 electrons
• P (lobes) up to 6 electrons
• D (double lobes) up to 10 electrons
• F (many lobes) up to 14 electrons

Question 10

Shell

Answer 10

A grouping of electrons around the nucleus

Question 11

Valence electrons

Answer 11

Outer electrons shell

Involved in chemical bonds