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Chemistry Paper 1 > The Atom > Flashcards

The Atom Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a atom

A

Smallest part of an element that can exist

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2
Q

What is daltons model of the atom

A

Atoms are solid spheres that could not be divided into smaller parts

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3
Q

What is the plum pudding model of the atom

A

Sphere of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

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4
Q

What did scientist discover in the alpha scattering experiment

A

Some alpha particles were deflected by the gold foil. This showed that an atoms mass and positive charge must be concentrated in one small space

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5
Q

Describe the nuclear model of the atom

A

Dense nucleus with electrons orbiting it

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6
Q

What did Niels Bohr discover

A

Electrons orbit in fixed energy levels (shells)

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7
Q

What did James Chadwick discover

A

Uncharged particle called the neutron

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8
Q

Where are protons and neutrons

A

In the nucleus

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9
Q

What is the relative mass of each subatomic particle

A

Proton 1
Neutrons 1
Electron 0

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10
Q

What is the relative charge of each sub atomic particle

A

Proton +1
Neutron 0
Electron -1

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11
Q

How can you find out the number of protons in an atom

A

The atomic number on the periodic table

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12
Q

How can you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom

A

Mass number - atomic number

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13
Q

Why do atoms have no overall charge

A

They have equal numbers of positive protons and negative electrons

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14
Q

How many electrons would you place in the first, seconds and third shells

A

Up to 2 in the first shell and up to 8 in the second and third shells

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15
Q

What is an element

A

Substance made of one type of atom

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16
Q

What is a compound

A

Substance made of more than one type of atom chemically joined together

17
Q

What is a mixture

A

Two or more substances not chemically combined

18
Q

What are isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element

19
Q

What are the five physical processes that can be used to separate mixtures

A

Filtration
Crystallization
Distillation
Fractional distillation
Chromatography

20
Q

What is relative mass

A

The average mass of all the atoms of an element

21
Q

Give a reason why an original line is drawn in pencil in a chromatography practical

A

Pencil doesn’t interact with the mobile phase, and therefore will not interfere with the chromatogram

22
Q

A particle has 4 protons and 4 electron
Give the charge on the particle

A

0

23
Q

A particle has 5 protons and 4 electrons
Determine whether the particle is an atom or an ion

A

Ion

24
Q

What is an ion

A

An atom or molecule that has either gained or lost an electrons giving it a positive or negative charge

25
Q

Isotopes are atoms of an element that have the same number of ——- but different number of ——

A

Protons
Neutrons

26
Q

The chemical symbol for silicon is 28,14 Si
Describe an atom of silicon in terms of the number of protons, neutrons and electrons and their charges

A

14 positive protons
14 neutral neutrons
14 negative electrons

27
Q

Describe the alpha particle model scattering experiment and how it showed that the mass of an atom was concentrated in a positevly charged nucleus

A

Alpha particles were fired at a sheet of gold foil
Most passed through the foil
So most of the atom is empty space
Small number bounced back
So that must of collided with something
A small number passed through but was deflected
Positively charged alpha particles passed near possitevly charged nucleus and were repelled

28
Q

Neutrons we’re not shown to be in the nucleus until 20 years after the nuclear model was accepted. Suggest a reason why it took so long to prove that neutrons existed

A

Have no charge

29
Q

Use your own knowledge to compare the plum pudding and nuclear model

A

Both have electrons
Both have positive parts
Plum pudding has electrons all over the place whereas nuclear has electrons in shells
Plum pudding is all positive whereas nuclear has a positive centre
Nuclear model has a nucleus whereas plum pudding dosent
Nuclear model shows electrons with different energy levels

30
Q

Identify the three elements in H2SO4 use the periodic table to help you

A

Hydrogen
Oxygen
Sulfur

31
Q

Explain why the relative atomic mass of copper, Cu, is not a whole number

A

Copper has multiple isotopes

32
Q

Write the chemical formula for sodium and chlorine

A

NaCl

Chemistry Paper 1 (3 decks)

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