The Atlantic Slave Trade

Question 1

How could slaves be stored on slave ships?

Answer 1

Tight Pack and Loose Pack

Question 2

What is the advantage of tight pack?

Answer 2

Fit more slaves in 600-800

Question 3

What are the advantages of Loose Pack? (give examples)

Answer 3

Prevents as much death diseases such as small pox, gastroenteritis (diarrhea), scarlet fever

Question 4

Where do Europeans purchase slaves in Africa?

Answer 4

Slave Factories El Mina could store 1000 slaves.

Question 5

What resources were produced in Europe?

Answer 5

Manufactured Good such as textiles (cloth, clothing etc) metal work (pots pans guns etc) Birmingham produces 150,000 guns a year for African Kingdoms.

Question 6

What resources were produced in the Americas? (4 examples)

Answer 6

Raw materials such as cotton, tobacco, sugar and indigo.

Question 7

What was the main product in the British Caribbean?

Answer 7

Sugar

Question 8

What was produced in Africa?

Answer 8

Labour (slaves)

Question 9

How many slaves were taken from Africa during the Atlantic Slave Trade?

Answer 9

12.5 million

Question 10

How many slaves was Britain responsible for taking?

Answer 10

1/4 (3.1 million)

Question 11

What percentage of slaves were transported by Britain or Portugal?

Answer 11

70%

Question 12

What was coasting?

Answer 12

Traveling up and down the cost to purchase slaves from different areas

Question 13

How were most slaves captured?

Answer 13

As prisoners of war

Question 14

What were temporary slave prisons called?

Answer 14

Barracoons

Question 15

How were slaves controlled before they reached the coast? (5 things)

Answer 15

Manacled, shackled, forced to march in lines chained together with armed guards.

Question 16

What methods did slaves use to resist on the middle passage? (3 methods)

Answer 16

Refusing to eat, mutiny (taking over the ship), jumping overboard.

Question 17

What activities did slaves take part in on ships? (2 examples)

Answer 17

Cleaning the ship, exercising for an hour

Question 18

What did slaves eat on board?

Answer 18

millet, yams, rice, palm oil, beans, typically a pint of water a day.

Question 19

Why was resistance difficult on board ships in the middle passage?

Answer 19

violence, beatings, thumb screws, rape (fear) forced feeding, manacles, shackles, inability to communicate, no where to escape to (lack of control)

Question 20

How did the slave trade have an impact on Africa? (3 reasons)

Answer 20

It led to depopulation which affected the economy and culture, It led to increased warfare, it led to the rise of slave kingdoms that relied heavily on the slave trade.

Question 21

What was the name of the 2 largest slave kingdoms?

Answer 21

Ashanti and Dahomey

Question 22

How much did the King of Dahomey make from slavery?

Answer 22

£250,000 a year by 1750

Question 23

Why did these slave kingdoms trade slaves to Europeans?

Answer 23

To access manufactured goods, in particular guns to expand their kingdoms.

Question 24

What impact did the slave trade have on the African population?

Answer 24

By 1850 some believe Africa should have had 50 million people rather than 25 million

Question 25

Why did the slave trade lead to depopulation in Africa? (3 reasons)

Answer 25

Diseases were introduced by Europeans (European strains of syphilis, typhus and tuberculosis)
12.5 million Africans were taken from their homes over hundreds of years, many more were killed in the increased fighting.
Slaves were generally very young 18-40 and therefore could not have children.

Question 26

Why did the slave trade lead to an increase in warfare?

Answer 26

Slave Kingdoms imported guns and went to war to capture more slaves.

Question 27

How many guns did African Kingdoms import from Britain in the second half of the 18th Century?

Answer 27

20 million

Question 28

What was main environmental impact of slavery in the Caribbean?

Answer 28

Destruction of the natural ecology like forests and soil exhaustion/degradation from over farming.

Question 29

Which bird is believed to have gone extinct due to loss of habitat attached to the slave trade?

Answer 29

Goulds Emerald from Jamaica/the Bahamas

Question 30

How did the slave trade affect the population of the Caribbean?

Answer 30

It increased due to European and African populations.

Question 31

How much did Africans outnumber Europeans in Barbados?

Answer 31

up to 20-1

Question 32

How did the slave trade impact the indigenous people of the Caribbean and what was ones tribe’s name?

Answer 32

Their culture was destroyed and population nearly wiped out, Arawak peoples (the Tainos)

Question 33

What kind of economies were created in the Caribbean due to the slave trade?

Answer 33

mono-crop economies, reliant on a single product like sugar to make money.

Question 34

What issues are there with mono-crop economies?

Answer 34

If your crop fails or drops in value you have no other source of income.

Question 35

What were slave codes?

Answer 35

A set of laws to ensure black people were controlled and often were separated from white people. They allowed for certain punishments for slaves such as whippings and burning.

Question 36

What new religion was created from the slave trade

Answer 36

Voodoo in Haiti, a combination of Christianity and Animist African beliefs.