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2022-2024 Year 13 A-Level Psychology - Y13 > The Approaches: The Psychodynamic Approach > Flashcards

The Approaches: The Psychodynamic Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

Assumption: Behaviour is due to…

A

Unconscious motives

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2
Q

Assumption: Psychodynamic Approach focuses on which experiences? Give e.g

A

Past - relationship with parents

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3
Q

Assumption: Childhood conflicts and relationships with parents can create…

A

Behaviour & Personality

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4
Q

Assumption: Our understanding of ourselves is …

A

Distorted by defence mechanisms

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5
Q

Assumption: Defence mechanisms…

A

Distort understanding of ourselves

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6
Q

Assumption: Behaviour & personality is shaped by…

A

Childhood conflicts & relationships with parents

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7
Q

Assumption: Unconscious motives…

A

Drive/determine behaviour

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8
Q

Assumption: True or False - psychodynamic approach focuses on present & future relationships?

A

False - Focus is on past relationships

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9
Q

How many parts of the mind are there according to the psychodynamic approach?

A

3

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10
Q

The unconscious mind contains?

A

Info we are not consciously aware of

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11
Q

Info in the unconscious includes…

A

Repressed memories

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12
Q

The conscious mind is the

A

part we are aware of

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13
Q

The part of the mind we are aware of is?

A

The conscious

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14
Q

The preconscious includes…

A

Thoughts/ideas we only are aware of in dreams

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15
Q

Thoughts/ideas we are only aware of in dreams is the…

A

Preconscious

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16
Q

The unconscious mind is the part…

A

we are unaware of

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17
Q

The part of the mind we are unaware of is the …

A

Unconscious

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18
Q

Unconscious mind contains…

A

Biological drives & threatening/disturbing memories

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19
Q

Biological drives & disturbing memories are stored in the

A

unconscious

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20
Q

What does the mind do with threatening/disturbing memories

A

Represses/locks away in the unconscious

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21
Q

Name the 3 Parts of Personality

A

ID/EGO/SUPEREGO

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22
Q

The ID works on the what principle?

A

Pleasure

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23
Q

The EGO works on what principle?

A

Reality

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24
Q

The SUPEREGO works on what principle?

A

Morality

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25
Q

Which part of personality works on the pleasure principle?

A

ID

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26
Q

Which part of personality works on the reality principle?

A

EGO

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27
Q

Which part of personality works on the morality principle?

A

SUPEREGO

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28
Q

The ID lives in the …

A

Unconscious part of mind

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29
Q

When is the ID present from?

A

Birth

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30
Q

Which is the only part of personality present at birth?

A

ID

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31
Q

What does the ID want?

A

Immediate Gratification

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32
Q

Immediate gratification drives which part of personality?

A

ID

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33
Q

If the ID is too overpowering, it can lead to?

A

Selfish personality

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34
Q

A selfish personality can be explained by?

A

An overpowering ID

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35
Q

When does the EGO form?

A

18 months - 3 years

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36
Q

18 months - 3 years is where which part of personality forms?

A

EGO

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37
Q

What is the job of the EGO?

A

To balance demands of ID & SUPEREGO

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38
Q

How does the EGO reduce conflict between the ID & SUPEREGO?

A

Defence Mechanisms

39
Q

When does the SUPEREGO form?

A

3-6 years

40
Q

3-6 years is when the what part of personality forms?

A

SUPEREGO

41
Q

How does the superego form?

A

Through identifying with same-sex parent

42
Q

What is the superego?

A

Our sense of right/wrong

43
Q

If the superego is overpowering, what kind of personality can this lead to?

A

Anxious/guilty

44
Q

An anxious/guilty personality can be formed from?

A

An overpowering superego

45
Q

Which part of personality uses defence mechanisms

A

Ego

46
Q

Why does the EGO use defence mechanisms?

A

To reduce conflict of ID & superego

47
Q

Are defence mechanisms used consciously or unconsciously?

A

Unconsciously

48
Q

Are defence mechanisms meant to be a long-term solution or short-term solution to conflict?

A

SHORT-TERM

49
Q

What can defence mechanisms do to a person?

A

Distort reality

50
Q

Name the 3 defence mechanisms

A

REPRESSION/DENIAL/DISPLACEMENT

51
Q

REPRESSION/DENIAL/DISPLACEMENT are forms of?

A

Defence Mechanisms

52
Q

The ID/EGO/SUPEREGO make up?

A

The structure of personality

53
Q

The conscious/preconscious/unconscious make up?

A

The unconscious mind

54
Q

Forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious to the unconscious is?

A

Repression

55
Q

Repression is

A

Forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious to the unconscious

56
Q

Refusing to acknowledge an unpleasant aspect of reality is?

A

Denial

57
Q

Denial is

A

Refusing to acknowledge an unpleasant aspect of reality

58
Q

Transferring feelings from the true source of distressing emotion onto a less threatening substitute target is?

A

Displacement

59
Q

Displacement is

A

Transferring feelings from the true source of distressing emotion onto a less threatening substitute target

60
Q

How many Psychosexual stages are there?

A

5

61
Q

The psychosexual stages explain how which part of personality gets gratification?

A

ID

62
Q

What must a child do in each psychosexual stage?

A

Resolve conflict

63
Q

If a child does not resolve conflict in a psychosexual stage is leads to

A

fixation

64
Q

Fixation is where

A

A child has not resolved conflict in a psychosexual stage

65
Q

Name the Psychosexual stages in order

A

Oral/Anal/Phallic/Latency/Genital

66
Q

Oral stage occurs when?

A

0-1 years

67
Q

0-1 years is where which stage occurs?

A

Oral

68
Q

In the oral stage, how does the ID get gratification

A

Mouth - dummies, thumb sucking & mother’s breast

69
Q

If fixated in oral stage, this leads to?

A

Oral fixation - nail biting, smoking, sarcasm

70
Q

Oral fixation - nail biting, smoking, sarcasm occurs when?

A

Fixation in the oral stage

71
Q

The Anal stage occurs when?

A

1-3 years

72
Q

At 1-3 years, what stage is a child in?

A

Anal stage

73
Q

In the anal stage, how does the ID gain gratification?

A

Anus - expulsion or withholding of faeces

74
Q

Fixation in the anal stage results in?

A

Anal retentive personality (perfectionist)
OR
Anal Expulsive personality (messy)

75
Q

Phallic stage occurs when?

A

3-5 years

76
Q

At 3-5 years, which stage is a child in?

A

Phallic

77
Q

In the phallic stage, how is gratification for the ID gained?

A

Exploring own genitals

78
Q

Fixation in the phallic stage can result in?

A

Phallic personality - narcissistic, reckless, problems with authority

79
Q

The Oedipus complex occurs in which stage?

A

Phallic

80
Q

What complex occurs in the Phallic stage?

A

Oedipus

81
Q

Latency stage occurs when?

A

6-12 years

82
Q

At 6-12 years a child is in the?

A

Latency stage

83
Q

In the latency stage, what is occuring?

A

Earlier conflicts are repressed

84
Q

Where are earlier conflicts being repressed in the latency stage?

A

The unconscious mind

85
Q

Genital stage occurs when?

A

12 years

86
Q

At 12 years, a child is in which stage?

A

Genital

87
Q

How does the Id gain gratification in the genital stage?

A

Sexual desires becoming present

88
Q

If a child is fixated in the genital stage, this can lead to?

A

Difficulty forming heterosexual relationships

89
Q

AO3: does the psychodynamic approach believe in free will or determinism?

A

Determinism

90
Q

AO3: which type of determinism can the psychodynamic approach be criticised for?

A

Psychic

91
Q

AO3: psychodynamic approach has lead to practical applications - what is the name of it

A

Psychoanalysis to help anxiety

92
Q

AO3: Freud’s work on the psychodynamic approach was based on a case study - what is the problem?

A

Low population validity

93
Q

AO3: some concepts like the structure of personality cannot be falsified or empirically tested, what is the issue?

A

Lacks scientific methods

94
Q

The name of the Psychologist who created the Psychodynamic Approach?

A

Sigmund Freud

2022-2024 Year 13 A-Level Psychology - Y13 (52 decks)

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