The Approaches: The Humanistic Approach TW Flashcards

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1
Q

What do humans have an innate need for, according to humanist psychologists?

A

Self-actualisation

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2
Q

What approaches do humanists oppose?

A

Behaviorist + Psychodynamic

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3
Q

What type of experiences do humanists focus on?

A

Present

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4
Q

What type of influences do humanists suggest we can reject?

A

Internal and external

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5
Q

What is an example of an external influence which humanists suggest we can reject?

A

Environment

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6
Q

What is an example of an internal influence which humanists suggest we can reject?

A

Genetics

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7
Q

How is humanism different to other approaches?

A

It argues that humans do have free will

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8
Q

What did Maslow develop?

A

Hierarchy of needs

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9
Q

Name the correct order of Maslow’s hierarchy

A

Physiological, safety needs, love/belonging needs, esteem needs, self-actualisation

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10
Q

What do physiological needs include?

A

Food, water, sleep, breathing

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11
Q

What do safety needs include?

A

Employment, shelter (having a home), good health

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12
Q

What is the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy?

A

Self-actualisation

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13
Q

What is meant by the ‘perceived self’?

A

How we view ourselves now

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14
Q

Where does our ‘perceived self’ come from?

A

Our own experiences and how significant people view us

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15
Q

What is meant by the ‘ideal self’?

A

The person we feel that we should be or the person that we want to be

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16
Q

What is meant by congruence?

A

Where there is a match between your perceived self and your ideal self

17
Q

If congruence occurs, what does this enable?

A

Personal growth to achieve goals

18
Q

What is a mismatch between the perceived and ideal self known as?

A

Incongruence

19
Q

Low self-esteem and feelings of worthlessness in adulthood may be the result of ____________ in childhood

A

Conditions of worth

20
Q

What is meant by conditions of worth?

A

Significant others in our lives place specific conditions on their love which must be met to receive approval

21
Q

What 3 types of people can impose a condition of worth?

A

Parents, significant others, and ourselves

22
Q

Name the practical application of humanistic theory

A

Person Centered Therapy

23
Q

What does PCT see the ‘client’ as?

A

An expert in their own condition

24
Q

What is the aim of PCT?

A
  • Increase feelings of self worth
  • Reduce incongruence
  • Help to become fully functioning
25
Q

What must the therapist show the client in order for the therapy to be successful?

A

Unconditional positive regard

26
Q

Give an example of two disorders that PCT is used to treat

A

Anxiety and depression

27
Q

What does DREAMS stand for?

A

Determinism v free will
Reductionism v holism
Evidence
Application (practical)
Methodology
Scientific methods

28
Q

AO3: What 4 ways can we evaluate humanism using DREAMS?

A

Free will
Holism
Application (practical)
Scientific methods

29
Q

What techniques can be used to reduce levels of incongruence?

A

Unconditional positive regard
Person Centered Therapy

30
Q

Incongruence can lead to …

A

Low self worth and poorer psychological health