Memory: Improving The Accuracy Of Eyewitness Testimony - The Cognitive Interview - JWW Flashcards

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1
Q

The police use which type of interview to gain the most accurate eyewitness testimonies?

A

The Cognitive Interview

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2
Q

What does the cognitive interview facilitate in terms of eyewitness testimony?

A

Most accurate EWT

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3
Q

What type of questions are used in a cognitive interview?

A

Open

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4
Q

Open questions are used so witnesses can … on their own answers

A

Expand

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5
Q

What type of questions are NOT used in a cognitive interview?

A

Closed/Leading Questions

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6
Q

Who created the cognitive interview?

A

Fisher & Geiselman

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7
Q

Name the 4 techniques in the cognitive interview:

A

Recall Everything
Context Reinstatement
Recall in Reverse
Recall from a Changed Perspective

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8
Q

How many techniques does the cognitive interview contain?

A

4

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9
Q

In recall everything, witnesses are encouraged to recall all details including…

A

trivial details

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10
Q

What may trivial details do to an eyewitness testimony?

A

Trigger recall/memories

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11
Q

Participants are encouraged to recall all details of the event including minor/trivial details - what technique is this?

A

Recall Everything

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12
Q

Asking a witness to mentally place themselves back at the scene of the crime is which technique of the cognitive interview?

A

Context Reinstatement

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13
Q

In context reinstatement, witnesses are asked to mentally place themselves where?

A

At the scene of the crime

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14
Q

When mentally placing themselves back at the scene of the crime, what 2 factors are witnesses asked to report on?

A

What they can see
How they felt (emotion)

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15
Q

Asking a witness how they felt on the morning prior to a crime e.g. a robbery is an example of what technique?

A

Context Reinstatement

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16
Q

What type of cue does asking the participant to mentally place themselves back at the scene of the crime and report on what they could see trigger?

A

External cues

17
Q

What type of reinstatement does asking the participant to mentally place themselves back at the scene of the crime and report on what they could see trigger?

A

Context

18
Q

What type of cue does asking the participant to mentally place themselves back at the scene of the crime and report on what they felt?

A

Internal Cues

19
Q

What type of reinstatement does asking the participant to mentally place themselves back at the scene of the crime and report on what they felt?

A

Context Reinstatement

20
Q

In recall in reverse, the witness is asked to report what happened in a different

A

Chronological order

21
Q

What technique of the cognitive interview is asking the witness to recall events of the crime in a different chronological order?

A

Recall in Reverse

22
Q

What is prevented by asking the witness to recall in a different chronological order?

A

Schema/Expectations

23
Q

What is it harder for the witness to do when recalling in reverse?

A

Lie

24
Q

Which 2 techniques of the cognitive interview are effective in preventing schema/expectations?

A

Recall in Reverse
Recall from a Changed Perspective

25
Q

Which technique of the cognitive interview is asking the witness to recall the crime from another person’s perspective e.g. the perpetrator?

A

Recall from changed perspective

26
Q

Recall from changed perspective asks the witness to recall the event from….

A

Another person’s perspective

27
Q

Recalling the events of a crime from another person’s perspective is effective in preventing?

A

Schema/Expectations

28
Q

What technique is the following question from in the cognitive interview:
‘Start from the beginning, what happened the morning of the robbery?’

A

Recall Everything

29
Q

What technique is the following question from in the cognitive interview:
‘Close your eyes, what do you see? What was the weather like//how were you feeling when the robbers entered the bank?’

A

Context Reinstatement

30
Q

What technique is the following question from in the cognitive interview:
‘Tell us what happened from when the police arrived at the bank back to the beginning of the day’

A

Recall in Reverse

31
Q

What technique is the following question from in the cognitive interview:
‘Imagine you are the bank robber, what did you see?’

A

Recall from a Changed Perspective