The Approaches: Origins of Psychology NEW

Question 1

What is meant by the term science?

Answer 1

Gaining knowledge through the use of objective (factual) investigation.

Question 2

Who is known as the Father of Psychology?

Answer 2

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 3

Where and when did Wundt create the first psychology laboratory?

Answer 3

Germany in 1879

Question 4

What did Wundt use controlled environments to establish?

Answer 4

General theories about mental processes

Question 5

Which components did Wundt claim human experience should be analysed?

Answer 5

Sensations
Emotions
Reactions to present experiences

Question 6

What was the name of the technique used by Wundt?

Answer 6

Introspection

Question 7

In introspection a person would focus on an object while ….

Answer 7

listening to a stimulus e.g. metronome

Question 8

Give an example of a stimulus a person may listen to whilst focusing on an object during introspection

Answer 8

Metronome

Question 9

In introspection, what does a person focus on when looking inwards?

Answer 9

Sensations
Feelings
Images

Question 10

Why is Wundt praised?

Answer 10

He helped move psychology from philosophical roots by using controlled environments and standardised procedures to study human experience.

Question 11

Give two ways Wundt’s research could be seen as scientific

Answer 11

Uses controlled environments, Uses standardised procedures

Question 12

By using standardised procedures and controlled environments, what does this mean for Wundt’s research?

Answer 12

It can be easier to replicate the research.

Question 13

Although Wundt’s research is replicable it might not be seen as …

Answer 13

reliable

Question 14

Why might introspection not be considered reliable?

Answer 14

It focuses on a person’s subjective experience which varies from person to person so is hard to establish consistent general principles

Question 15

What is Wundt known as?

Answer 15

The ‘Father of Psychology’

Question 16

Why is Wundt known as the ‘Father of Psychology’?

Answer 16

He set up the first psychology laboratory in Germany in 1879 & he published one of the first books on psychology, helping to establish the subject as an independent branch of science

Question 17

What did Wundt help to establish Psychology as?

Answer 17

An independent branch of science

Question 18

How did Wundt establish general theories about mental processes?

Answer 18

By using controlled environments

Question 19

What did Wundt use the scientific method to study?

Answer 19

Present experiences such as the structure of sensation and perception using introspection

Question 20

How did Wundt study present experiences such as the structure of sensation and perception?

Answer 20

Using the scientific method of introspection

Question 21

What happens during introspection?

Answer 21

The individual focuses on an object, whilst listening to a stimulus e.g. metronome, and look inwards noticing their own present sensations, feelings and images

Question 22

In introspection, what is analysis broken up into?

Answer 22

Components of thoughts, images and sensations

Question 23

How did Wundt move psychology away from its philosophical roots?

Answer 23

Using controlled environments with a standardised procedure to study emotions, feelings and sensations

Question 24

Give two examples of how Wundt used controlled environments with a standardised procedure

Answer 24

Using the same stimulus every time (ticking metronome) and giving the participants the same standardised instructions

Question 25

What did Wundt use controlled environments with a standardised procedure to study?

Answer 25

Emotions, feelings and sensations

Question 26

Why is Wundt’s method considered replicable?

Answer 26

He used controlled environments with a standardised procedure to study emotions, feelings and sensations, such as using the same stimulus every time (ticking metronome) and giving the participants the same standardised instructions.

Question 27

Why does Wundt’s method make it difficult to establish consistent general principles of human behaviour?

Answer 27

Introspection focuses on a participant’s subjective experience and therefore findings varied greatly from person to person

Question 28

Who argued that Psychology should only study behaviour that could be observed and measured scientifically?

Answer 28

Behaviourist psychologists such as Watson

Question 29

What led to the behaviourist approach being developed, following the contributions of Wundt?

Answer 29

Not relying on introspection as a means of collecting data, instead only studying behaviours which are observable and measurable

Question 30

How does the behaviourist approach study human behaviour more scientifically in comparison to Wundt’s methods?

Answer 30

Uses more empirical and objective methods such as carefully controlled lab experiments RATHER THAN focusing on a participant’s subjective experience

Question 31

Wundt’s method of introspection focuses on a participant’s subjective experience, what is a consequence of this?

Answer 31

Not reliable - findings varied greatly from person to person, making it difficult to establish consistent general principles of human behaviour

Question 32

Wundt used controlled environments with a standardised procedure to study emotions, feelings and sensations, what does this make his method/research?

Answer 32

Replicable - scientific

Question 33

Introspection focuses on a participant’s subjective experience and therefore findings varied greatly from person to person. What is a consequence of this?

Answer 33

It makes it difficult to establish consistent general principles of human behaviour

Question 34

What did Behaviourist psychologists such as Watson argue?

Answer 34

That Psychology should only study behaviour that could be observed and measured scientifically

Question 35

How is an individual’s conscious experience analysed in introspection?

Answer 35

Systematically

Question 36

What is systematically analysed in introspection?

Answer 36

An individual’s conscious experience

Question 37

What does introspection focus on?

Answer 37

Present experiences