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Advanced Anatomy + Physiology > The Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

The Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Which parts of the skeleton make up the appendicular skeleton?

A

the lower and upper extremities

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2
Q

What are the two portions of each extremity?

A

the girdle

the limb

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3
Q

What is the primary function of the upper extremities?

A

movement

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4
Q

What does the upper extremity consist of?

A

the pectoral girdle and the upper limb

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5
Q

Describe the pectoral girdle

A
  • consists of the clavicle and scapula
  • articulates with the axial skeleton by a small sternoclavicular joint
  • held in position and stabilized by muscles
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6
Q

Describe the clavicle

A
  • horizontally-placed, S shaped long bone separating laterally the shoulder joint which allows a wide range of movement
  • anterior bone of the pectoral girdle
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7
Q

Describe the sternoclavicular joint

A

the clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum

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8
Q

describe the acromioclavicular joint (AC joint)

A

the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula forming the acromioclavicular joint

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9
Q

What is the medial end of the clavicle called? What does it look like?

A
  • sternal end

- round

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10
Q

what is the lateral end of the clavicle called? What does it look like?

A
  • acromial end

- flattened

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11
Q

Where is the coronoid tubercle of the clavicle located?

A

on the inferior surface of the acromial end of the clavicle

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12
Q

Describe the scapula

A
  • flat, triangular bone offering plenty area for muscle attachment
  • posterior bone of pectoral girdle
  • situated between levels of second and seventh rib
  • articulates with clavicle and humerous
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13
Q

What bone articulates with both the clavicle and the humerous?

A

the scapula

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14
Q

which bone articulates with both the manubrium of the sternum and the acromion of the scapula?

A

the clavicle

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15
Q

What does the upper limb contain?

A
  • The arm: the humerous
  • the forearm: ulna + radius
  • the wrist: 8 carpal bones
  • the volar region: 5 metacarpal bones
  • the phalangeal region: 14 phalangeal bones
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16
Q

Which bones are in the skeleton of the arm?

A

only one: the humerous

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17
Q

Describe the skeleton of the arm

A
  • longest + largest bone of the upper limb
  • articulates proximally wth the scapula
  • articulates distally with the radius + ulna
  • most fractures of this bone occur in the surgical neck
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18
Q

What is the other name for the shoulder joint?

A

glenohumeral (GH) Joint

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19
Q

What type of joint is the GH joint?

A

ball and socket

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20
Q

Where is the GH Joint located?

A

between the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerous

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21
Q

True or false: the GH joint is the least moveable joint in the body

A

false: the GH joint is the most freely moveable joint in the body

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22
Q

Why is the GH joint the most freely moveable joint in the body?

A
  1. loose capusle

2. shallow glenoid fossa + large head of the humerous

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23
Q

True or false: most the the strength in the GH joint comes from the ligaments

A

false: ligaments of the joint only strengthen the capsule to some extent. Most of the strength of the joint results from the rotator cuff muscles that surround the joints

24
Q

What are the anatomical components of the GH Joint?

A
  1. articular capsule: thin + loose, weakest at inferior part
  2. four bursae
  3. Glenoid labrum
  4. three ligaments
25
Q

How many bursae are in the GH Joint. What are their names?

A

Four:

  • subscapular
  • subdeltoid
  • subacromial
  • subcoracoid
26
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

fibrocartilage rim around the glenoid fossa

27
Q

How many ligaments are part of the GH Joint? What are they called?

A
  • three
  • coracohumeral
  • glenohumeral
  • transverse humeral
28
Q

Describe the coracohumeral ligament of the GH Joint

A

strengthens superior + inferior part of the capsule

29
Q

Describe the glenohumeral ligament of the GH Joint

A

plays a role in joint stabilization, minimal strength

30
Q

Describe the transverse humeral ligament of the GH Joint

A

bridges the intertubular sulcus, holds the tendon of the biceps brachii

31
Q

What are the movements of the GH joint?

A

flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
rotation
circumduction

32
Q

What bones compose the skeleton of the forearm?

A

raduis and ulna

33
Q

Which bone of the forearm is larger? Is it medially or laterally located?

A

ulna, medially located

34
Q

Which bone of the forearm is laterally placed?

35
Q

Radius or Ulna: narrows in distal end, widens in proximal end

36
Q

Radius or Ulna: narrows in proximal end, widens in distal end

37
Q

Where do the ulna and the radius articulate with the humerous at the elbow?

A
  • head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerous

- trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerous

38
Q

Where do the ulna and the radius connect with each other?

A
  • proximal ends
  • distal ends
  • interosseous membrane
39
Q

Where does the radius articulate but the ulna does not?

A

the distal end of the radius articulates with three bones of the proximal carpal bones at the wrist joint

40
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

41
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the elbow joint?

A
  • capitulum + head of radius

- trochlea + trochlear notch of ulna

42
Q

what are the ligaments of the elbow joint?

A
  • ulnar collateral
  • radial collateral
  • annular ligament of radius
43
Q

What are the movements of the elbow joint?

A
  • flexion/extension

- pronation/supination

44
Q

What composes the proximal radioulnar joints?

A

head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna

45
Q

What composes the distal radioulnar notch?

A

head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius

46
Q

What are the movements of the radioulnar joints?

A

the two joints move in combination for the rotation of the forearm

47
Q

What is the carpal tunnel?

A
  • anterior concave space formed by the pisiform and hamate medially + scaphiod and trapezium laterally
  • passage of the long flexor tendons
48
Q

What is the flexor retinaculum?

A

roof like covering over carpal tunnel

49
Q

Where do 70% of wrist fractures occur?

50
Q

What type of joint is the wrist joint

51
Q

true or false: the head of the ulna is the articulating surface of the wrist joint

A

false: the head of the ulna is not part of the joint, a triangular fibrocartilage isolating the head is the articulating surfacde

52
Q

What bones articulate to form the wrist joint?

A

scaphoid, lunate, triqueum, distal end of radius

53
Q

What are the movements of the wrist joint?

A
  • flexion/extension
  • abduction/adduction
  • circumduction
54
Q

What are the movements of the phlangeal bones?

A

abduction/adduction
extension/flexion
/opposition/reposition n

55
Q

How many bones do the metacarpal bones consist of?

56
Q

How many bones does the phlangeal bones consist of?

A

14: 2 for thumb, 3/finger

Advanced Anatomy + Physiology (3 decks)

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