The Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
What are the bones of the appendicular skeleton primarily involved in?
Body Movements
what makes up the pectoral girdle?
Clavicle and scapula
What does the medial (Sternal) end of the clavicle articulate with?
Manubrium of the sternum
What does the lateral (acromial) end of the clavicle articulate with?
The scapula
What ribs does the scapula sit between?
the 2nd and the 7th
where is the glenoid cavity attached?
Humerus
where does the humerus articulate?
the scapula proximally
the radius and ulna distally
what does the trochlea of the humerus articulate with?
the ulna
what does the capitulum of the humerus articulate with?
the radius
what forms the trochlear notch?
the olecranon and the coronoid process at the proximal end of ulna
what is the trochlear notch?
it wraps around the trochlea of the humerus to make up the elbow joint
where is the radius located?
the lateral (thumb side) of the forearm
what is the socket of the shoulder called
glenohumeral joint
how many carpal bones are there?
8 connected by ligaments, arranged in 2 rows of 4
what is in the proximal row of carpal bones?
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
what does the proximal row of the carpal bones articulate with?
distal radius and ulna
what is in the distal row of carpal bones?
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
what does the distal row of carpal bones articulate with?
the metacarpals
how many metacarpals make up the palm and the back of the hand?
5 (I-V) starting at the thumb
where do the metacarpals articulate?
bases articulate with distal carpals
heads articulate with proximal phalanges
how many phalanges in each hand?
14
how many phalanges in each digit?
Thumb - 2
Rest - 3
where does the head of the femur artiulate?
acetabulum (of the hip bone as a ball and socket)
what is the acetabulum
composed of all 3 parts that make up the hip bone
what divides the pelvis into inferior and superior parts?
the pelvic brim (where abdomen meets the pelvic cavity.
what is the boy pelvis superior to the pelvic brim known as
false greater pelvis
what is the bony pelvis inferior to the brim known as?
true lesser pelvis
how to male and female pelvis differ?
Male: larger and heavier
Female: wider and shallower
what is the longest and strongest bone
femur
where does the proximal end (head) insert?
acetabulum
Where does the distal end of femur articulate?
Tibia and patella
describe the patella
triangular bine that develops in the quadriceps tendon
what does the tibia articulate with?
Proximal end: Femur
Distal End: talus bone
what is the tibial tuberosity?
on the anterior surface of tibia, is point of attachment for the patellar ligament
how many bones in the tarsus
7
what are the bones in the tarsus
Talus
Calcaneus
navicular
3 cuneiforms
cuboid
how many bones in the metatarsus?
5 (I-V) metatarsals
what do the proximal ends of the metatarsals articulate with?
3 uniform and cuboid
what do the distal ends of the metatarsals articulate with?
proximal phalanges
how are the lower limb phalanges arranged?
big toe has a proximal and distal phalange
the rest have proximal, middle and distal
hoe many arches does the foot have
2
what are the arches supported by?
ligaments and tendons
what is the purpose of the arches?
allow the foot to support and distribute weight of the body, provide leverage while walking
what are the 2 arches called
longitudinal arch (medial and lateral portion)
Transverse arch
where does most skeletal tissue arise from
middle primary germ layer in embryos known as mesoderm
where does most of the skull arise from?
outer layer called ectoderm
what are the 2 ways skull bones develop?
~The Cartilaginous Neurocranium (hyaline cartilage) undergoes endochondral ossification
~The membranous neurocranium undergoes intramembranous ossification
where do the bones of the face form from?
Viscerocranium
what are the 2 parts of the viscerocranium?
~Cartilaginous viscerocranium
~Membranous Viscerocranium
what is the cartilaginous viscerocranium?
comes from cartilage of the pharyngeal arches and this forms the ear bones and hyoid bone
what is the membranous viscerocranium
comes from mesenchyme of the first pharyngeal arch, undergoes intramembranous ossification and forms the facial bones
