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Anatomy & Physiology Skeletal > The Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

The Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the appendicular skeleton primarily involved in?

A

Body Movements

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2
Q

what makes up the pectoral girdle?

A

Clavicle and scapula

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3
Q

What does the medial (Sternal) end of the clavicle articulate with?

A

Manubrium of the sternum

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4
Q

What does the lateral (acromial) end of the clavicle articulate with?

A

The scapula

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5
Q

What ribs does the scapula sit between?

A

the 2nd and the 7th

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6
Q

where is the glenoid cavity attached?

A

Humerus

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7
Q

where does the humerus articulate?

A

the scapula proximally
the radius and ulna distally

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8
Q

what does the trochlea of the humerus articulate with?

A

the ulna

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9
Q

what does the capitulum of the humerus articulate with?

A

the radius

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10
Q

what forms the trochlear notch?

A

the olecranon and the coronoid process at the proximal end of ulna

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11
Q

what is the trochlear notch?

A

it wraps around the trochlea of the humerus to make up the elbow joint

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12
Q

where is the radius located?

A

the lateral (thumb side) of the forearm

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13
Q

what is the socket of the shoulder called

A

glenohumeral joint

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14
Q

how many carpal bones are there?

A

8 connected by ligaments, arranged in 2 rows of 4

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15
Q

what is in the proximal row of carpal bones?

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

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16
Q

what does the proximal row of the carpal bones articulate with?

A

distal radius and ulna

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17
Q

what is in the distal row of carpal bones?

A

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

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18
Q

what does the distal row of carpal bones articulate with?

A

the metacarpals

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19
Q

how many metacarpals make up the palm and the back of the hand?

A

5 (I-V) starting at the thumb

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20
Q

where do the metacarpals articulate?

A

bases articulate with distal carpals
heads articulate with proximal phalanges

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21
Q

how many phalanges in each hand?

A

14

22
Q

how many phalanges in each digit?

A

Thumb - 2
Rest - 3

23
Q

where does the head of the femur artiulate?

A

acetabulum (of the hip bone as a ball and socket)

24
Q

what is the acetabulum

A

composed of all 3 parts that make up the hip bone

25
Q

what divides the pelvis into inferior and superior parts?

A

the pelvic brim (where abdomen meets the pelvic cavity.

26
Q

what is the boy pelvis superior to the pelvic brim known as

A

false greater pelvis

27
Q

what is the bony pelvis inferior to the brim known as?

A

true lesser pelvis

28
Q

how to male and female pelvis differ?

A

Male: larger and heavier
Female: wider and shallower

29
Q

what is the longest and strongest bone

A

femur

30
Q

where does the proximal end (head) insert?

A

acetabulum

31
Q

Where does the distal end of femur articulate?

A

Tibia and patella

32
Q

describe the patella

A

triangular bine that develops in the quadriceps tendon

33
Q

what does the tibia articulate with?

A

Proximal end: Femur
Distal End: talus bone

34
Q

what is the tibial tuberosity?

A

on the anterior surface of tibia, is point of attachment for the patellar ligament

35
Q

how many bones in the tarsus

A

7

36
Q

what are the bones in the tarsus

A

Talus
Calcaneus
navicular
3 cuneiforms
cuboid

37
Q

how many bones in the metatarsus?

A

5 (I-V) metatarsals

38
Q

what do the proximal ends of the metatarsals articulate with?

A

3 uniform and cuboid

39
Q

what do the distal ends of the metatarsals articulate with?

A

proximal phalanges

40
Q

how are the lower limb phalanges arranged?

A

big toe has a proximal and distal phalange
the rest have proximal, middle and distal

41
Q

hoe many arches does the foot have

A

2

42
Q

what are the arches supported by?

A

ligaments and tendons

43
Q

what is the purpose of the arches?

A

allow the foot to support and distribute weight of the body, provide leverage while walking

44
Q

what are the 2 arches called

A

longitudinal arch (medial and lateral portion)
Transverse arch

45
Q

where does most skeletal tissue arise from

A

middle primary germ layer in embryos known as mesoderm

46
Q

where does most of the skull arise from?

A

outer layer called ectoderm

47
Q

what are the 2 ways skull bones develop?

A

~The Cartilaginous Neurocranium (hyaline cartilage) undergoes endochondral ossification
~The membranous neurocranium undergoes intramembranous ossification

48
Q

where do the bones of the face form from?

A

Viscerocranium

49
Q

what are the 2 parts of the viscerocranium?

A

~Cartilaginous viscerocranium
~Membranous Viscerocranium

50
Q

what is the cartilaginous viscerocranium?

A

comes from cartilage of the pharyngeal arches and this forms the ear bones and hyoid bone

51
Q

what is the membranous viscerocranium

A

comes from mesenchyme of the first pharyngeal arch, undergoes intramembranous ossification and forms the facial bones

Anatomy & Physiology Skeletal (6 decks)

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