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Biology FINAL > The Animals > Flashcards

The Animals Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the body parts of fungi called?

A

Mycelium - Which is a mass of hyphae

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2
Q

Mycelium

A

A mass of hyphae

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3
Q

Hyphae

A

Thin filaments of cells making up all parts of a typical fungus

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4
Q

Plant, Animal, Fungi Nutrition

A

FUNGI
chemoheteroptrophic by absorption

ANIMAL
Chemoherterotrophic by ingestion

PLANTS
Photosynthetic

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5
Q

Plant, Animal, Fungi Movement

A

FUNGI
Most nonmotile

ANIMAL
Motile

PLANT
not motile

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6
Q

Plant, Animal, Fungi Body

A

FUNGI
Mycelium of hyphae

ANIMAL
Specialized tissues and organs

PLANT
Specialized tissues and organs

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7
Q

Plant, Animal, Fungi Adult Chromosome #

A

FUNGI
Haploid

ANIMAL
Diploid

PLANT
Haploid/Diploid

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8
Q

Plant, Animal, Fungi Cell Wall

A

FUNGI
Composed of chitin

ANIMAL
No cell wall

PLANT
Composed of cellulose

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9
Q

Plant, Animal, Fungi Reproduction

A

FUNGI
Spores/Mating hyphae

ANIMAL
Gametes

PLANTS
Spores/Gametes

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10
Q

Benefits of Fungi

A

They decompose remains of plants and animals
They return inorganic nutrients to photosynthesizers
They produce medicines and many types of food

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11
Q

Harmful effects of Fungi

A

They can cause diseases to plants and animals such as Athletes Foot, Thrush, and Ringworm
They can cause crop losses

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12
Q

What is the common ancestor to all animals?

A

A protist, most likely a protozoan that resembled a hollow spherical colony of flagellated cells

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13
Q

What are the evolutionary trends that led to animals being formed?

A

Multicellularity
Symmetry
Protostome VS Deuterostome
Segmentation

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14
Q

Protostome VS Deuterostome

A

PROTOSTOME
Blastopore becomes the mouth

DEUTEROSTOME
Blastopore becomes the anus

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15
Q

Different types of symmetry

A

Radial

Bi-lateral

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16
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

Animal is organized circularly and can be cut anyway into matching halves

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17
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A

Animal has right and left halves

Accompanied by cephalization

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18
Q

3 layers of embryonic tissue

A

Endoderm (Innermost)
Mesoderm (Middle)
Ectoderm (Outtermost)

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19
Q

What is a coelom

A

A body cavity

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20
Q

Major Trends in Animal Evolution

A 
Mulitcellularity- 2-3 germ layers
                        - True tissues
Symmetry-Radial
                 - Bilateral
Protostome VS. Deuterostome - Coelomates
Segmentation- Leads to specialization
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21
Q

Example of a sponge and its evolutionary trait

A

Sea Sponge
1st animals
Multicellularity

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22
Q

Example of a Cnidorion and its evolutionary trait

A

Jelly fish

1st Animal with true tissues

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23
Q

Example of a Flatworm and its evolutionary trait

A

Tapeworm

1st to have bilateral symmetry

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24
Q

Example of a Mollusk and its evolutionary trait

A

Octopus
1st animals with a coelom
complete digestive tract

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25
Q

Example of an Annalid and its evolutionary trait

A

Earthworm
Segmentation
Coelom
3 Tissues

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26
Q

Example of a Nematode and its evolutionary trait

A

Hookworm
Molting
3 Tissue layers
False coelom

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27
Q

Example of an Arthropod and its evolutionary trait

A 
Spiders
Jointed Limbs
Exoskeleton
Metamorphasis
Pseudocoelom
3 Tissue Layers
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28
Q

Example of an echinoderm and its evolutionary trait

A

Starfish
1st Deuterostome
Radial symmetry (Larvae is bilateral)

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29
Q

Example of a chordate and its evolutionary trait

A

Mammals
Notochord
Postanal Tail

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30
Q

Major trends in animal biology

A

Multicellularity
Segmentation
Symmetry
Protostome VS. Deuterostome

31
Q

Example of a sponge and its evolutionary trait

A

Sea sponge
1st animals
Multicellular

32
Q

Example of a Cnidorion and its evolutionary trait

A

Jelly Fish

1st animal with true tissues

33
Q

Example of a Flatworm and its evolutionary trait

A

Tapeworm
1st to have bilateral symmetry
1st to have 3 tissue layers
No coelom

34
Q

Example of a Mollusk and its evolutionary trait

A

Octopus
1st animals with a coelom
Complete digestive tract
3 Tissue layers

35
Q

Example of an annalid and its evolutionary trait

A

Earthworm
Segmented
3 tissue layers
Coelom

36
Q

Example of a Nematode and its evolutionary trait

A

Hookworm
Molting
3 Tissue layers
False coelom

37
Q

Example of an arthropod and its evolutionary trait

A 
Spiders
Jointed limbs
Exoskeleton
Metamorphasis
Psuedocoelom
3 tissue layers
38
Q

Example of an echinoderm and its evolutionary trait

A

Starfish
Radial Symmetry(larvae are bilateral)
1st deuterostome
Watervascular system

39
Q

Example of a chordate and its evolutionary trait

A 
Mammals
Notochord
Postanal Tail
Nerve cord
Pharyngeal pouches
40
Q

Characteristics displayed in Jawless fishes

A

Vertebrae

No jaws

41
Q

Characteristics displayed in Bony Fishes

A

Bony Skeleton

Ray-finned fishes—fins supported by bony spikes

42
Q

Characteristics of Lobe-finned fish

A

Most have lungs and can breath out of water

43
Q

Characteristics displayed in amphibians

A

Jointed limbs
3 chambered heart
Ears

44
Q

What major characteristic do annalids display

A

Segmentation (Externally)

45
Q

Characteristics displayed by mammals

A

Hair

Mammory glands

46
Q

To be a hominid you must be

A

Bipedal

47
Q

What major characteristics do echinoderms display

A

Radial symmetry

No head or brain

48
Q

What major characteristics do chordates display

A

Notochord
Pharyngeal pouches
Postanal tail
Nerve cord

49
Q

Evolutionary trends among chordates

A 
Pressence of vertebrae
Jaws
Bony Skeleton
Lungs
Jointed Appendages
Amniotic Eggs
Mammory glands
50
Q

Cro Magnons

A

Modern appearance
Advanced tools
Art

51
Q

Characteristics displayed in Bony Fishes

A 
Bony Skeleton
Ray Fins (Supported by bone spikes)
52
Q

Characteristics of Lobe-finned fish

A

Lungs

53
Q

Characteristics displayed in amphibians

A

Jointed limbs

54
Q

Characteristics displayed in reptiles

A

Amniotoic eggs

Lungs enclosed by ribcage

55
Q

Characteristics displayed by mammals

A

Hair

Mammory glands

56
Q

What are the 3 phases of complete metamorphasis

A

Larvae
Pupa
Adult

57
Q

Homo Habilis

A

Brain becoming larger (Especially speech areas)
Stone tools
Beginning of culture

58
Q

Homo Erectis

A

Getting taller
Larger brain
First to use fire

59
Q

Neadertals

A

Larger brain than homo sapiens
Culturally advanced
Buried dead with flowers (Possible religion)

60
Q

Cro Magnons

A

Modern appearance
Advanced tools
Art

61
Q

Means of locomotion between squid, clams, grasshoppers and crayfish

A

SQUID
Tenticles and moving water through mantle

CLAMS
foot

GRASSHOPPER
Large hind legs and wings

CRAYFISH
legs and tail

62
Q

Major adaptation that allows arthropods to live on land

A

Lungs

63
Q

What is metamorphasis

A

Change in form and shape

64
Q

What is incomplete metamorphasis

A

A gradual change from young to adult

65
Q

What is complete metamorphasis

A

A distinct change from young to adult in 3 phases

66
Q

What are the 3 phases of complete metamorphasis

A

Larvae
Pupa
Adult

67
Q

Frog VS Rat anatomy

A 
FROG
3 chambered heart
small brain
short intestines
large hind legs
RAT
4 chambered heart
larger brain
longer intestines
Larger teeth
68
Q

What is the significance of a 4 chambered heart

A

Allows an animal to be endothermic

Fully oxygenated blood is passed throughout the body

69
Q

Difference in reproduction in frogs and rats

A

FROG
Eggs laid in water
Fertilization happens outside the females body

RAT
Live birth

70
Q

Coelomates

A

Mollusks
Annalids
Chordates

71
Q

Acoelomates

A

Sponges
Cnidorions
Flatworms

72
Q

Pseudocoelomates

A

Arthropods

Nematodes

73
Q

Characteristics displayed in Cartilaginous fishes

A

Jaws

Biology FINAL (5 decks)

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