The Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System Flashcards
The Cardiovascular system
this consists of a muscluar four-chambered heart, blood vessels and blood
the heart’s composition and its two circulations
it is composed of cardiac muscle and supports the pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation
-each side consists of an atrium and a ventricle
what separates the atria from the ventricles?
antrioventricular valves
RAT LAB
- right atrium: tricuspid
- left atrium: bicuspid (mitral)
what seperates the ventricles from the vasculature?
the semilunar valves
- pulmonary on the right
- aortic on the left
the pathway of the blood
right atrium –(tricuspid valve)–> right ventricle–(pulmonary valve)–> pulmonary artery–> lungs–> pulmonary veins –> left atrium –(mitral valve)–> left ventricle –(aortic valve)–> aorta –> arteries –> arterioles –> capillaries –> venules –> venae cavae –> right atrium
which side of the heart contains more muscle and why?
the left side of the heart contains more muscle than the right side because the systemic circulation has a much higher resistance and pressure
electrical conduction of the heart, pathway
it begins at the SA (sinoatrial) node and then goes to the AV (atrioventricular) node. from the AV node, electrical conduction goes to the bundle of His before traveling through the Purkinje fibers
what is systole? what is diastole?
this referst to the period during ventricular contraction when the AV valves are closed
-this refers to the time when the heart is relaxed and the semilunar valves are closed
what is the cardiac output
its the product of heart rate and stroke volume
how do the sympathetic NS and parasympathetic NS affect the heart rate?
sympathetic: inc heart rate and contractility
parasym: dec heart rate
What does vasculature consist of?
arteries, veins and capillaries
Arteries
thick
highly muscular structure
has elastic quality- this allows for recoil and helps propel blood forward within the system
-arterioles control blood flow INTO capillary beds
Capillaries
walls are one cell thick, this makes them narrow so RBCs must travel through them in a single-file line.
this is the site of gas and solute exchange
Veins
inelastic
thin walled structures that transport blood to the heart
-they are able to stretch in order to accommodate large volumes of blood but do not have recoil capability. Veins are compressed by surrounding skeletal muscles and have valves to maintain one-way flow.
-small veins: venules
A portal system; how many are there and what are they?
this is a system where blood passes through two capillary beds in series
-3: hepatic, hypophyseal, and renal portal system
