The Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System 2

Question 1

What are the openings of the right atrium

Answer 1

Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Coronary sinus

Question 2

What are the valves of the right atrium?

Answer 2

Tricuspid valves
- 3 valve cusps
- Chordae tendineae
- Papillary muscles x3

Question 3

What are the openings for in the left atrium?

Answer 3

• Left and right superior pulmonary veins
• Left and right inferior pulmonary veins

Question 4

What is the valve of the left atrium?

Answer 4

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Question 5

What are the valves of the left ventricle?

Answer 5

• 2 valve cusps
• 2 papillary muscles
• Chordae tendineae

Question 6

What does the left ventricle have an opening for?

Answer 6

Aorta

Question 7

Valves of the right ventricle

Answer 7

Tricuspid valve
- 3 valve cusps
- Chordae tendineae
- Papillary muscles x3

Question 8

What does the right ventricle have an opening for?

Answer 8

Pulmonary trunk

Question 9

Intrinsic innervation (conducting system)

Answer 9

Signals arising in the SA NODE stimulate the atria to contract and then travel to the AV NODE.

After a delay, the stimulus is conducted through the BUNDLE OF HIS (atrioventricular bundle) to L & R BUNDLE BRANCHES to the ENDOCARDIUM at the apex of the heart, then to the VENTRICLES and finally the ventricular EPICARDIUM and its CORONARY VESSELS

Question 10

What is the intrinsic innervation (conducting system) controlled by?

Answer 10

Controlled EXTRINSICALLY by vagus and sympathetic nerves from T1-T4, via the CARDIAC PLEXUS

Question 11

Sites of auscultation

Answer 11

AORTIC VALVE (2nd-3rd right intercostal space)
PULMONIC VALVE (2nd-3rd left intercostal space)
TRICUSPID VALVE (left lower sternum border at 4th left intercostal space)
MITRAL VALVE (over apex, midclavicular line at level of 5th intercostal space)

Question 12

Main vessels of anterior chest

Answer 12

Internal Thoracic Artery

Gives off anterior intercostal arteries

Internal Thoracic Vein

Receives anterior thoracic veins

Question 13

Main vessels of posterior chest wall and trunk

Answer 13

Azygos vein
Thoracic duct
Posterior intercostal vessels
Right lymphatic duct
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava

Question 14

Main arteries of upper limb in order of proximal to distal

Answer 14

Subclavian artery in subclavian
Axillary artery in axilla
Brachial artery in arm
Radial artery in forearm
Ulnar artery in forearm

Question 15

Superficial veins of upper limb

Answer 15

Superficial veins arise from the dorsal venous arch on the back of the hand

CEPHALIC VEIN travels up the lateral side of limb

BASILIC VEIN travels up medial side of limb

MEDIAN CUBITAL VEIN connects cephalic and basilic in cubital fossa

Question 16

Main arteries of lower limb

Answer 16

COMMON FEMORAL from external iliac

SUPERFICIAL and DEEP FEMORAL from common femoral

POPLITEAL from superficial femoral

ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR TIBIAL from popliteal

FIBULAR from posterior tibial continues medially down to plantar surface of foot

DORSALISS PEDIS from anterior tibial continues anteriorly to dorsal surface of foot between the 1st & 2nd toes

Question 17

Superficial veins of lower limbs

Answer 17

SUPERFICIAL VEINS arise from dorsal venous arch of foot

LONG (GREAT) SAPHENOUS VEIN travels up medial side of limb and drains into FEMORAL VEIN

SHORT (SMALL) SAPHENOUS VEIN travels up the posterior surface of limb and drains into POPLITEAL VEIN

Question 18

Deep veins of lower limb

Answer 18

• Femoral vein
• Popliteal vein
• Anterior tibial vein
• Posterior tibial vein

Question 19

Main arterial pulse points of the body

Answer 19

Superficial temporal and Facial
Common carotid
Brachial
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Posterior tibial
Dorsalis pedis