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Science > The Alkali Metals > Flashcards

The Alkali Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are the alkali metals located?

A

In group 1 of the periodic table

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2
Q

Name the first 3 alkali metals

A

Lithium, sodium, potassium

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3
Q

What is the symbol for lithium?

A

Li

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4
Q

Why can alkali metals float on water?

A

Because they have a low density

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5
Q

Give the symbol for sodium

A

Na

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6
Q

Why can alkali metals be cut?

A

Because they are low density

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7
Q

What is the symbol for potassium?

A

K

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8
Q

Why are all alkali metals in group 1?

A

Because they all have one electron in their outer shell making them highly reactive and eager to lose that electron to give them a stable electron configuration

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9
Q

How is this explained?

A

They are all highly reactive eager to have a stable configuration

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10
Q

Explain what happens when alkali metals react with water

A

It forms an alkaline solution knows as metal hydroxide, it releases hydrogen gas, releases heat energy since it is an exothermic reaction.

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11
Q

What is the word equation for when alkali metals react with water?

A

Metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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12
Q

What is the colour of a flame when lithium reacts with oxygen?

A

No flame is made as the reaction is not vigorous enough

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13
Q

What colour flame is produced when sodium reacts with oxygen?

A

Bright yellow flame

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14
Q

What colour flame is produced when potassium reacts with oxygen?

A

Lilac

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15
Q

What type of compound is formed when an alkali metal reacts with a group 7 element?

A

Sodium chloride

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16
Q

What colour will it be?

A

White

17
Q

What will sodium chloride do in water?

A

When sodium chloride dissolved in water it breaks into sodium and chloride ions through dissociation

18
Q

Explain the trend in reactivity going down group 1?

A

the trend in reactivity in Group 1 of the periodic table increases as you move down the group due to decreasing ionization energy, increasing atomic radius, and greater shielding effect.

19
Q

How do you determine a metal from a non-metal?

A

The amount of electrons

20
Q

How is the periodic table arranged?

A

Atomic number

21
Q

Where is the atomic number located on an element?

A

The top

22
Q

Where are the neutrons and protons located?

A

In the nucleus

23
Q

How do you calculate the amount of neutrons in an element?

A

Mass (top) subtract protons and electrons (bottom)

24
Q

Where are the lowest energy levels closest to?

A

The nucleus

25
Q

How do you make an atom happy?

A

BY ACING UR EXAMSSSS
no…
By giving it a full electron shell

26
Q

What does the atom want to do when it does not have a full electron shell?

A

SCREAM AT U TO REVISE
No…
REACT

27
Q

What is most of the atom?

A

Empty space aka my brain

28
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An element with a different amount of neutrons to protons and electrons

29
Q

If you can draw the electron configuration for a magnesium atom

A

It should have

2 , 8 , 2

30
Q

Draw the electron configuration for an oxygen atom

A

2 , 6

31
Q

Describe the plum pudding model

A

A positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded throughout

32
Q

Who made the modern periodic table?

A

Mendeleev

33
Q

Give 3 properties of a metal

A

Shiny, good conductor, malleable

34
Q

Give 3 properties of a non metal

A

Dull, low density, brittle

35
Q

What is the name of the process of losing electrons?

A

Ionization

36
Q

How many electrons does sodium lose when it reacts to form positive ions and give the charge of the positive ion?

A

Sodium loses 1 negative electron to achieve a full shell.
The sodium ion has 1 less electron than proton so its nucleus has a +1 charge

37
Q

How many electrons does aluminium lose when it reacts and what is the charge of the nucleus?

A

Aluminium loses 3 electrons to achieve a full outer shell and its nucleus has a +3 charge

38
Q

How do we know that the first 3 alkali metals are less dense than water?

A

They float on the surface of the water

39
Q

Why do the elements become more reactive as you go down?

A

As you go down the group the outer electron is further away from the nucleus so is more easily lost

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