Mr Kelly Year 9

Question 1

What is an electron?

Answer 1

A negatively charged subatomic particle

Question 2

What is a proton?

Answer 2

A positively charged subatomic particle

Question 3

What is a neutron?

Answer 3

A neutron doesn’t have a charge

Question 4

What is a group?

Answer 4

A group is a column of elements

Question 5

What is an alkali metal?

Answer 5

Group one of the periodic table, they all have one electron in their outer shell

Question 6

What is a halogen?

Answer 6

A halogen is in group 7 of the periodic table e.g: chlorine, bromine, iodine. They are highly reactive.

Question 7

What is a period?

Answer 7

A horizontal row of the periodic table.

Question 8

What is an element?

Answer 8

A substance that cannot be broken down made from one atom

Question 9

What is a compound?

Answer 9

A compound is a pure substance made from more than one type of element chemically bonded together

Question 10

Plum pudding model

Answer 10

The plum pudding model of the atom, proposed by J.J. Thomson, suggests that atoms resemble a pudding with positively charged substance (plum) and negatively charged electrons (seeds) embedded within it. This model was later replaced by the Rutherford model, depicting atoms as mostly empty space with a dense nucleus at the center.

Question 11

List 3 properties of halogens

Answer 11

Highly reactive, toxic , strong odour

Question 12

List 3 properties of alkali metals

Answer 12

Reactive , low density , single electron

Question 13

List 3 properties of transition metals

Answer 13

Hard , conductive , high melting and boiling points

Question 14

Who made the nuclear model?

Answer 14

Rutherford

Question 15

What happens when an alkali metal reacts with oxygen?

Answer 15

It forms metal oxide

Question 16

Determine the outcome of displacement reactions involving group 7 elements and their aqueous salts

Answer 16

in displacement reactions involving Group 7 elements and their aqueous salts, a more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from its salt solution. The displacement reaction proceeds according to the reactivity trend of halogens, with fluorine being the most reactive and iodine being the least reactive.

Question 17

Explain the link between relative molecular mass and boiling point/melting point for group 7 elements.

Answer 17

The boiling and melting points of halogens increase as their molecular mass increases from fluorine to iodine. This is because larger molecules have stronger forces between them, requiring more energy to separate, leading to higher boiling and melting points.

Question 18

Why are noble gases found in group 0 not reactive?

Answer 18

Because they have a full outer shell of electrons

Question 19

What happens when an alkali metal reacts with chlorine?

Answer 19

It forms a metal chloride

Question 20

Why does the boiling points of noble gases increase with increasing relative atomic mass?

Answer 20

Noble gases boil at higher temperatures as they get heavier. This happens because the atoms become larger and have more electrons, making them stick together more strongly.

Question 21

How were earlier periodic tables arranged?

Answer 21

Based on atomic mass

Question 22

What were the findings of the Rutherford experiment?

Answer 22

Most of the atom is empty space, concentration of positive charge, dense nucleus, orbiting electrons around a positive sphere

Question 23

Which ions do metals form?

Answer 23

Positive ions

Question 24

What ions do non-metals form?

Answer 24

Negative ions

Question 25

How did the scattering experiment lead to a change in the atomic model?

Answer 25

Scattering experiment: Alpha particles passed through gold foil but some were deflected, leading to discovery of dense atomic nucleus.

Question 26

How many elements and atoms are in the compound H2O

Answer 26

2 hydrogen atoms
1 carbon atom

Question 27

How many atoms and elements are in carbon dioxide aka CO2

Answer 27

1 carbon atom
2 oxygen atoms

Question 28

How many atoms and elements are in methane CH4

Answer 28

1 carbon atom
4 hydrogen atoms

Question 29

What is the equation for photosynthesis

Answer 29

Carbon dioxide + water using chlorophyll and sunlight equals glucose + oxygen

CO2 and H2O are the reactants
Glucose and oxygen are the products of

Question 30

How are leaves adapted for photosynthesis

Answer 30

Big surface area for absorbing light
Chloroplasts near top of leaf nearest most light
Underside is covered with stomata
Stomata help let carbon dioxide in and oxygen to diffuse out

Question 31

What 2 things do plants take from the soil

Answer 31

Water and minerals

Question 32

How is the energy transferred from respiration used

Answer 32

Growth, living processes, synthesising molecules

Question 33

Name 3 things organisms need energy for

Answer 33

Metabolism, movement, supporting growth

Question 34

Describe the process of anaerobic respiration in humans and micro organisms including fermentation

Answer 34

Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen it begins with glycolysis where glucose is broken down into smaller molecules called pyruvate then pyruvate turns into lactic acid or in some micro organisms like yeast it turns into ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 35

What is fermentation

Answer 35

Fermentation is a metabolic process where micro organisms convert sugars into other compounds in the absence of oxygen

Question 36

What are the differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration and describe the implications for the organism

Answer 36

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen unlike anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide, water and glucose
Anaerobic respiration produces in humans lactic acid or ethanol and carbon dioxide in micro organisms like yeast anaerobic respiration produces less energy and only occurs in low oxygen level environment

Question 37

What is an abiotic factor

Answer 37

Abiotic factors are non-living things in an environment, like temperature, sunlight, water, and soil. They affect living organisms and how they interact in their habitats.

Question 38

List 3 abiotic factors

Answer 38

Light intensity, temperature , soil pH

Question 39

What is a biotic factor

Answer 39

Biotic factors are living things in an ecosystem, like plants and animals. They interact with each other and their surroundings, influencing the ecosystem’s balance and health.

Question 40

How is a phlegm adapted to its environment

Answer 40

Phlegm, a respiratory mucus, is adapted to its environment:
- Moisture: Keeps respiratory tract moist for gas exchange.
- Trap: Catches dust and pathogens, protecting lungs.
- Ciliary Movement: Cilia move phlegm and particles out.
- Antimicrobial: Contains immune components, fighting infections.

Question 41

What is biodiversity

Answer 41

Variety of all different species on earth within an ecosystem

Question 42

List a few types of waste pollution

Answer 42

Acidic gases in the air
Toxic chemicals in water
Landfill on land
These are atmospheric pollutants