The Aging Neuromuscular System Flashcards
What 2 major mechanisms underlie the potential for improved neuromuscular performance?
Exercise and task practice
what accounts for the most of the gain in strength over the first 6-8 weeks of strength training?
Neuromotor adaptation, e.g. Improved motor unit recruitment, improved synchronization of motor unit firing.
How does task practice affect neurons?
Dendritic arborization, increased dendritic spine density, collateral axon sprouting, interneuronal synaptogenesis, improved function of existing synapses, improved cortical representation of the body parts used to complete the task.
Successful aging has been defined as the ability to maintain which 3 key behaviors?
Low risk of disease and disease related disability, high mental and physical function, and active engagement in life
Primary part of the brain that loses mass and what enlarges as a result?
Frontal lobe, lateral and 3rd ventricles
Histological changes of brain include what?
Decreased number of dendrites and accumulation of liposuction, fatty pigment that is a marker of wear and tear
A decrease in nerve conduction velocity in the PNS in people in 70s is ____ percent
15
3 cognitive changes (losses) that occur with aging
Speed, reasoning, memory, linear relationship, and not shown to be variable between-person, not individualized change, everyone declines. Motivation, persistence, and personal characteristics may hide this, and older people tend to accommodate to changes making it less obvious
Kluding et al found that exercise improved what in people post stroke
Working memory and attention
Pedroso et al found what in terms of Alzheimer’s and dual-task physical activity
Improved balance and executive function
The vestibular system demonstrates declining function in the face of losses of _____% of the hair and nerve cells by the age of 70
- Increased vibratory sensation threshold (bad) increased visual threshold (bad-amount of light needed to visualize an object)
What decade does sarcopenia typically begin?
50
What did Coelho et al find to be the biological difference between pre-frail and normal older women
Lower brain-derived neurotrophic factor-neuroprotective protein, increases with progressive resistance exercise
What is the most critical clinical indicator of CNS dysfunction?
Altered level of consciousness
Alteration in mood/emotions can occur with damage to which parts of the brain? 4
limbic system, hypothalamus, frontal and temporal lobes
P 5 Sullivan
Emergent vs non-emergent neurologic signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms of a thyroid storm
Excessively high BP, HR, body temp
What type of drug can induce rhabdomyolysis?
Statins
Sudden or progressive severe headache can be a sign of what?
Intracranial hemorrhage or meningitis
What type of hemorrhage associated with acute onset thunderclap headache?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
A headache of severe intensity is only present in 30-40 percent of ________ hemorrhages
Intracerebral (intraparenchymal) so headache can be a red flag even if not severe
A chronic subdural hematoma presents with what signs?
Constant headache that worsens over time, can also have change in mental status, not emergent right away
Risk of stroke following TIA is ____ to ____% first 7 days and ____ to _____% within 90 days
4-10
8-12
Signs of symptoms of systemic illness should be treated as emergent for intractable or highly elevated fever combine with clinical features suggesting the possibility of what 4 medical conditions?
Meningitis, encephalitis, pneumonia, UTI
Rapid fatigue
Athenia
Hypotonia occurs with which disorders 2
Cerebellar lesions (along with ataxia and intention tremor )Huntington
Katalinic et al found what about stretching and spasticity?
Regular stretch does not produce clinically important changes in joint mobility, pain, spasticity, or activity limitation
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality of the US Department of Health and Human services recommended what for CP
Strength training, task specific