The Aging Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What is the most common self-reported medical conditions in the US for adults?
Musculoskeletal diseases
Type I, IIa and IIb fibers
I: Oxidative, slow twitch, aerobic
IIa: aerobic, oxidative but also glycolytic pathways
IIB: anaerobic, glycolytic pathways
Sarcopenia definition
Age related loss of skeletal muscle mass, related to decreases in bone mass. Prevalence of sarcopenia in people with osteoporosis 50%
What 4 factors are related to muscle mass?
Age, weight, physical activity, and bone density
Cost of sarcopenia in 2000
18.5 billion, about 1.5% of healthcare costs.
Age related sarcopenia affects which type of muscle fibers the most?
Type II
2 most important components of the fibrous extra cellular matrix?
Collagen and elastin, insoluble proteins
What do proteoglycans, elastin, and collagen do?
Proteoglycans provide hydration, stabilize collagen networks, resist compressive forces. Collagen: tensile strength. Elastin: elasticity
2 types of bone
Cortical, (shaft) and cancerous or trabelucar (vertebrae, ends of bones, spongy)
Where does bone loss occur initially with osteoporosis ?
Trabecular bone
Describe the process of bone loss in women
20-30% loss of cancerous bone and 5-10 of cortical bone continuing for 4-8 years. Then enter slower phase, similar to men, of 20-25% for rest of lift.
3 major factors affecting bone loss
Hormones: e.g. Parathyroid, calcitonin, estrogen,
Nutrition
Diseases e.g. Celiac, chron, RA
Definition of frailty-factors-5 factors
Clinical syndrome with 3 or more of the following:
Weakness in grip strength
Slow walking speed
Low physical activity
Unintentional weight loss (10 lbs in past year)
Self-reported exhaustion
Normative values for the 6MWT in apparently healthy men and women:
60-69
70-79
80-89
Men: 560 Women: 505 Men: 530 Women: 490 Men: 446 Women: 382
What is the Senior Fitness Test by Rikli and Jones?
6MWT, 2 minute step test, limits ceiling effect in high-functioning adults.
Overweight BMI
Obese
> /equal to 25
Great than or equal to 30
Kg/meters squared
Obese cutoffs for waist circumference
102 cm in men (40 in)
85 cm 35in in women
Normal waist to hip ratios
Men: less than or equal to 1.0
Women: less than or equal to .8
A height loss of more than how many cm suggests vertebral compression fracture?
2
Single best predictor of decline in health and function
Slow gait speed
A normal gait speed in well-functioning older adults of less than _____ m/s identifies those at high risk of functional limitation, hospitalization, and death
1
Normal gait speed values for men and women <80 and >80
1.1 and .8
Those that perform the TUG in ______ generally dependent
20, 30
Community dwelling older women should be able to complete the TUG in ____ seconds or less
12