The Adrenal Gland

Question 1

Where does the left adrenal vein drain into?

Answer 1

The left renal vein

Question 2

Where does the right adrenal vein drain into?

Answer 2

The IVC

Question 3

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

Answer 3

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine

Question 4

What are the three layers within the adrenal cortex and what do they secrete?

Answer 4

Zona Reticularis Sex hormones
Zona Fasiculata Cortisol (Glucocorticoids)
Zona Glomerulosa Aldosterone (Mineralcorticoids)

Question 5

All of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are derived from what ?

Answer 5

Cholesterol

Question 6

A deficit in 21-hydroxylase results in what ?

Answer 6

Adrenal Hyperplasia

Question 7

Around 95% of plasma cortisol is bound to what?

Answer 7

Cortisol Glucose Metabolism

Question 8

Cortisol acts like what kind of hormone?

Answer 8

Steroid

Question 9

What are the actions of Cortisol on Glucose Metabolism?

Answer 9

Gluconeogenesis
Proteolysis (Breakdown of muscle)
Lipolysis
Decreases insulin sensitivity of muscles and adipose tissue

Question 10

Name some non-glucocorticoid actions of Cortisol

Answer 10

Decreases Ca absorption from the gut by increasing excretion at the kidneys
Impairment of mood and cognition
Permissive effects on norepinephrine (Vasoconstriction)
Suppression of the immune system

Question 11

Where does Aldosterone act to increase MBP ?

Answer 11

The distal tubule of the kidney to increase the reabsoprtion of Na ions and promotes excretion of K ions