the acutely ill child

Question 1

what happens to the heart rate of a baby as it grows?

Answer 1

it slows down

Question 2

what happens to resp rate of a baby as it grows?

Answer 2

decreases

Question 3

what happens to blood pressure of a baby as it grows?

Answer 3

increases

Question 4

do babies have a large surface area compared to volume?

Answer 4

yeah

Question 5

what causes bronchiolitis and what is it?

Answer 5

acute inflammation of bronchioles

caused by a virus

Question 6

how do you treat croup?

Answer 6

steroids

Question 7

what is croup?

Answer 7

laryngotracheobhronchitis

Question 8

2 main CNS concerns in babies?

Answer 8

meningitis

encepthalitis

Question 9

name some things that count as “fits, faints and funny turns”?

Answer 9

febrile seizures
vasovagal episode
reflex anoxic seizures
breath holding attacks
epilepsy
arrythmias

Question 10

name the main trauma/accidents?

Answer 10

RTA
trampoline
burns
ingestion
drowning/near drowning
choking
NAI

Question 11

common GI/urogenital issues?

Answer 11

gastroenteritis
GI obstruction
appenditis
UTI
testicular torsion

Question 12

concerning features when it comes to UTI?

Answer 12

frequent infections
family history of renal disease
non E.coli infection
abdominal mass
poor pee flow
voiding problems/constipation
spinal abnormality
increased BP
poor growth/general health

Question 13

what is encopresis?

Answer 13

passage of normal stools in abnormal places

Question 14

what is soiling?

Answer 14

escape of stool into pants

Question 15

concerning symptoms in abdominal pain?

Answer 15

blood in stool
diarhhoea
vomiting
weight loss
deceleration in growth
unexplained fever
persistent RUQ or RLQ pain
family history of disease

Question 16

concerning symptoms of headaches?

Answer 16

headache on walking
worse on coughing or bending
associated vomiting , esp in  morning
visual disturbance
gait disturbance
cranial nerve palsy

do urgent MRI!! dont want to miss brain tumours

Question 17

if the child has had a funny turn, what main investigation should you do?

Answer 17

ECG

Question 18

red flags of funny turns?

Answer 18

congenital heart disease
syncope on exercise
family history of sudden death
palpitations
odd things on examination

Question 19

red flag of murmurs?

Answer 19

diastolic
loud
associated thrill
harsh
radiate widely

do an echo!!

Question 20

what makes asthma more likely in a child?

Answer 20

personal history if atopic disease
family history
widespread wheeze
cough, 
SOB
tight chest

worse at night and early morning and on exercise

pollen , stress