The abdomen

Question 1

Structure of the abdomen

Answer 1

Abdominal wall is divided into 4 quadrants
Right upper quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left lower quadrant

Question 2

Abdominal quadrants

Answer 2

Epigastric
Umbilical
Hypogastric

Question 3

Developmental considerations

Answer 3

Infants and children-prominence of umbilical cord, abdominal wall is less muscular
Pregnant women-morning sickness, heartburn, decreased bowel sounds
Older adults-constipation, decreased salvation, more suceptible to dehydration

Question 4

Cultural and social considerations

Answer 4

Prevalence of lactose intolerance
Rates of celiac disease
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Peptic ulcer disease
Inflammatory bowel disease
Relationship of Hep A

Question 5

Subjective Health history

Answer 5

appetite
dysphagia
abdominal pain
nausea/vomitting
bowel habits
past abdominal history
medications
alcohol and tobacco
nutritional assessment
diet
weight changes

Question 6

Additional health history questions

Answer 6

Infants-infant feeding, table foods, eating patterns, constipation, abdominal pain , height and weight
Adolescents-schedule and content and exercise
Older adults-food access, emotional characteristics, recall, bowel movements

Question 7

GI concerns

Answer 7

Stool-black=occult blood
Grey=hepatitis
Red=localized bleeding-frank

Question 8

IAPP!!!

Answer 8

The abdomen is the only time wechange the order, Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation

Question 9

Position for physical abdomen exam

Answer 9

Supine, arms at side
relaxed
empty bladder
warm room
lower pants
examine painful areas last

Question 10

Inspection

Answer 10

contour, symmetry, umbilicius, skin, pulsations or movement, hair distribution

Question 11

Auscultation

Answer 11

Bowel sounds
Vascular sounds

Question 12

Percussion

Answer 12

General tympany

Question 13

Palpation

Answer 13

surface and deep areas, light palpation (voluntary guarding)
If identify a mass note location, size, shape, surface, mobility, pulsatility, tenderness

Question 14

Abnormal findings

Answer 14

Abdominal distension- obesity, gas, ascites, ovarian cyst, pregnancy, tumour, feces
Inspection-umbilical hernia, epigastric hernia, incisional hernia, diastasis recti

Bowel sounds-hypoactive bowel sounds

Question 15

Abnormal findings

Answer 15

enlarged liver
Enlarged nodular liver
Enlarged gallbladder
Enlarged spleen
Enlarged kidney
Aortic aneurysm

Question 16

When auscultating the abdomen, what quadrant

Answer 16

2-right lower quadrant

Question 17

Abdominal distension is not caused by which of the following -flatus, fetus, fluid and follicles

Answer 17

Follicles

Question 18

If an abdominal spot is tender, what shoukd you do when palpating

Answer 18

Palpate it last