The 4 Power Pact (July 1933) Flashcards
When did it occur?
July 1933
also called
the Quadripartite Agreement
Who was the agreement between?
- France
- Britain
- Germany
- Italy
Where was it signed?
Rome
Which parlt did not ratify it?
France’s parlt
Who called for the creation of the 4PP and why?
WHO: BM
WHY: as a better means of insuring international security.
What was BM’s goal?
To reduce the power of smaller states in the LoN in order to solve the issue of how sovereign powers could come together and operate in an orderly way.
What did the reps of F,B, I & G sign?
A diluted version of BM’s proposal. The doc that was signed bore little resemblance to the initial proposal.
What was BM’s chief motive in BM’s instigating the 4PP?
The wish for closer Franco-Italian relations.
What did the 4PP reaffirm?
Each country’s adherence to:
1) the covenant of the LoN
2) Locarno Treaties
3) KBP ‘28
If BM’s purpose of the pact was to calm Europe’s nerves then he…
…achieved the opposite result.
Even though the 4PP had little significance, it…
is NOT completely devoid of merit. It was one of the factors contributing to the German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact (1934)
The exploitation of the balance of power appealed to?
Italy and Britain.
However, why did the pact face speculation among the French and the Germans?
London and Rome were close enough to mediate between Paris & Berlin. France was justifiably alarmed.
What has been argued?
That the 4PP could have safeguarded the European balance of power with the hope of balancing peace & security.
HOWEVER
At that time, in Europe, depression was abundant and AH’s rise to power makes this claim unlikely.
Who opposed the revision of the 4PP?
Poland (its reliance on France had been weakened) and the Little Entente states, as apparent in the French dilution of the pact in its final form.
It’s apparent that the 4PP had a NEGATIVE impact on French allies in C. & E. Europe.
Italy was also a threat to France’s influence in the Med/
What was an adequate reason to propose alternative power arrangements?
AH’s rise to power.
What had started as an alternative to the LoN ended as?
A reassertion of devotion to that failing institution and a pleasurable ceremony.
What was Hitler willing to accept?
the gratuitous triumph of the LoN’s death.
What happened to the 4PP?
It soon failed but Britain, in particular, did NOT easily throw away the 4PP idea.
What put the 4PP on hold?
AH withdrawing from the LoN in October 1933.
Until WW2 who made vain attempts to make the 4PP work at any cost?
Britain
What did the failure of the 4PP serving as a warning for?
Germany’s continued withdrawal from diplomatic relations with B & F in the buildup to WW2.
