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Thanatology > Thanatology 1025 Midterm > Flashcards

Thanatology 1025 Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Who introduced the term ‘death system’?

A

Robert Kastenbaum in 1977

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2
Q

Definition of death system

A

Interpersonal, sociocultural, and symbolic network which an individual’s relationship to mortality is mediated by his or her society

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3
Q

What we’ve been taught =

A

Death system

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4
Q

4 ways that death denial is present in society

A
  1. Increased life expectancy
  2. Decreased exposure to death
  3. Control over nature (pushing death away)
  4. What it means to be a human person
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5
Q

6 main factors that have affected mortality patterns in NA

A
  1. Industrialization
  2. Public health measures
  3. Preventive health care
  4. Modern cure-oriented medicine
  5. Contemporary families
  6. Lifestyle
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6
Q

Define industrialization

A

Increased production = increased standard of living

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7
Q

Define public health measure

A

Quarantine and sanitization

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8
Q

Define preventive health care

A

Vaccines, education, media

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9
Q

Define modern cure-oriented medicine

A

Medical model, technology

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10
Q

Define nature of contemporary families

A

Mobile and distant

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11
Q

Define lifestyle

A

Poor diet, smoking, inactivity

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12
Q

What is death ed

A

Learning about death (informal vs. formal)

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13
Q

Why is death ed needed? (main reason)

A

Ability to accept death and learn from losses helps us to live life more fully

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14
Q

7 additional reasons why death ed is needed

A
  1. Remove taboo language
  2. Diversity
  3. Understand alternate ways of caring for the dying
  4. Promote comfortable and intelligent interactions with dying
  5. Understand grief dynamics
  6. Understand children’s conceptions of death
  7. Assist in the development of a philosophy of life
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15
Q

Aries wrote a book titled

A

The Hour of Our Death (1982)

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16
Q

What four ways does Aries describe the evolution of Western attitudes towards death?

A
  1. Tame Death or Death as Neighbour 500-1100CE
  2. Death of Self or One’s Own Death 1100-1600CE
  3. Death of the Other or Death of the Beloved 1750-1900CE
  4. Invisible or Forbidden Death 1900-present
17
Q

Tame Death or Death as Neighbour time frame

A

500-1100CE

18
Q

Death of Self or One’s Own Death time frame

A

1100-1600CE

19
Q

Death of the Other or Death of the Beloved time frame

A

1750-1900CE

20
Q

Invisible or Forbidden death time frame

A

1900-present

21
Q

What is Tame Death or Death as Neighbour 500-1100CE

A
  • Familiar, natural, simple
  • Accept inevitable
  • Peaceful
  • Exposure
  • Everyone involved
  • People died young
22
Q

What is Death of Self or One’s Own Death 1100-1600CE

A
  • Elite
  • Individual is key
  • Good death
  • Renaissance, protestant reformation period
  • Death is no longer welcome due to fear of hell or the afterlife
23
Q

What is Death of the Other or Death of the Beloved 1750-1900CE

A
  • Death is the intolerable separation of those bound together by human affections
  • Romantic period in Europe and NA
  • Burial grounds and grave markers symbols of love and remembrance
  • Memorializing
  • Spiritualism
24
Q

What is Invisible or Forbidden Deah 1900-present

A
  • Death = failure and shameful
  • Remove death from the presence
  • Focus on technology and science
  • Embalming (preserving) and caskets
25
Q

What are the 4 continua (Laugani)?

A
  1. Individualism vs. communalism
  2. Cognitivism vs. emotionalism
  3. Freewill vs. determinism
  4. Materialism vs. spiritualism
26
Q

Individualism is

A

Achievement
Independence
Personal growth

27
Q

Communalism is

A

Family and greater community (focus on groups)

28
Q

Cognitivism is

A

Scientific endeavors, explanation of the physical universe from tangible/rational theories, and proof

29
Q

Emotionalism is

A

Passion, personal beliefs, intuition

30
Q

Freewill is

A

Independent choice/thinking and personal responsibility

31
Q

Determinism is

A

Fate, karma, external forces

32
Q

Materialism is

A

Consumerism, owning goods, acquisition of wealth

33
Q

Spiritualism is

A

Spiritual understanding

34
Q

Different types of media

A

Mass
Freedom of press
Television

35
Q

How do different types of media tend to portray death?

A
  • Graphic

- False info

36
Q

Define cultural competence

A

Open mind and heart towards those who have been raised with different attitudes and beliefs

37
Q

Define cultural humility

A

Respect to our awareness that we can never really be fully competent in a culture in which we don’t primarily identify

38
Q

6 aspects of death that commonly demonstrate cultural variations

A
  1. Degree of death anxiety
  2. Concerns about dependency and care with relatives
  3. Fear of unrelieved pain in the dying process
  4. Religion and influence of religious/spiritual beliefs on the afterlife
  5. How grief is understood and expressed
  6. Funeral and burial rites

Thanatology (3 decks)

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