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Thanatology > 1025 Midterm > Flashcards

1025 Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Who introduced the term ‘death system’?

A

Robert Kastenbaum (1977)

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2
Q

Definition of death system

A

Interpersonal, sociocultural and symbolic network which an individual’s relationship to mortality is mediated by his or her society

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3
Q

What we’ve been taught =

A

Death system

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4
Q

4 ways that death denial is present in society

A
  1. Increased life expectancy
  2. Decreased exposure to death
  3. Control over nature (pushing death away)
  4. What it means to be a human person (deciding our own set of beliefs)
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5
Q

6 main factors that have affected mortality patterns in NA

A
  1. Industrialization
  2. Public health measures
  3. Preventive health care
  4. Modern cure-oriented medicine
  5. Nature of contemporary families
  6. Lifestyle
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6
Q

Define industrialization

A

Increased production = increased standard of living

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7
Q

Define public health measure

A

Quarantine and sanitization

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8
Q

Define preventive health care

A

Vaccines, education, media

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9
Q

Define modern cure-oriented medicine

A

Medical model, technology

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10
Q

Define nature of contemporary families

A

Mobile and distant families

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11
Q

Define lifestyle

A

Poor diet, smoking, inactivity

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12
Q

What is death ed?

A

Learning about death (formal vs. informal)

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13
Q

MAIN REASON why death ed is needed?

A

Ability to accept death and learn from losses helps us to live life more fully

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14
Q

Additional reasons why death ed is needed?

A
  • Remove taboo language
  • Appreciate diversity
  • Understand alternate ways of caring for the dying
  • Promote comfortable and intelligent interactions with dying
  • Understand grief dynamics
  • Understand children’s conceptions of death
  • Assist in the development of a philosophy of life
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15
Q

Aries wrote a book titled

A

The Hour of Our Death

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16
Q

What four ways does Aries describe the evolution of Western attitudes towards death?

A
  1. Tame Death or Death as Neighbour (500-1100CE)
  2. Death of Self or One’s Own Death (1100-1600CE)
  3. Death of the Other or Death of the Beloved (1750-1900CE)
  4. Invisible or Forbidden Death (1900-present)
17
Q

What is Tame Death or Death as Neighbour (500-1100CE)

A
  • Familiar, natural, simple
  • Accept inevitable
  • Peaceful
  • Exposure
  • Everyone involved
  • People died young
18
Q

What is Death of Self or One’s Own Death (1100-1600CE)

A
  • Elite
  • Individual is key
  • Good death
  • Renaissance, protestant reformation period
  • Death is no longer welcome due to fear of hell or the afterlife
19
Q

What is Death of the Other or Death of the Beloved (1750-1900CE)

A
  • Death is the intolerable separation of those bound together by human affections
  • Romantic period in Europe and NA
  • Burial grounds and grave markers symbols of love and remembrance
  • Memorializing
  • Spiritualism
20
Q

What is Invisible or Forbidden Death (1900-present)

A
  • Death = failure and shameful
  • Remove death from the presence
  • Focus on technology and science
  • Embalming (preserving) and caskets
21
Q

What are the 4 continua (Laugani)?

A
  • Individualism vs. communalism
  • Cognitivism vs. emotionalism
  • Freewill vs. determinism
  • Materialism vs. spiritualism
22
Q

Individualism is

A

Achievement, independence, personal growth

23
Q

Communalism is

A

Role of individual expressed in context of family or greater community (focus on groups)

24
Q

Cognitivism is

A

Scientific endeavours, explanation of physical universe from tangible/rational theories and proof

25
Q

Emotionalism is

A

Passion, personal beliefs, intuition

26
Q

Freewill is

A

Independent thinking/choice and personal responsibility

27
Q

Determinism is

A

Fate, karma, external forces

28
Q

Materialism is

A

Consumerism, owning goods, acquisition of wealth

29
Q

Spiritualism

A

Spiritual understanding

30
Q

Different types of media

A

Mass
Freedom of press
Television

31
Q

How do different types of media tend to portray death?

A
  • Graphically

- False info

32
Q

Define cultural competence

A

Open mind and heart toward those who have been raised with different attitudes and beliefs

33
Q

Define cultural humility

A

Respect to our awareness that we can never really be fully competent in a culture in which we don’t primarily identify

34
Q

6 aspects of death that commonly demonstrate cultural variations

A
  1. Degree of death anxiety
  2. Concerns about dependency and care with relatives
  3. Fear of unrelieved pain in the dying process
  4. Religion and influence of religious/spiritual beliefs on the afterlife
  5. How grief is understood and expressed
  6. Funeral and burial rites

Thanatology (3 decks)

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