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Thalamus > Thalamus tract course > Flashcards

Thalamus tract course Flashcards

1
Q

What are the standard grouping of the thalamic nuclei?

A

Non specific

Associative

Limbic

Motor planning & relay control

Sensory relay

Gatekeeper

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2
Q

What are the nonspecific nuclei?

A

midline nuc. intraminar nuc. (centromedian; CM)

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3
Q

What are the associative nuclei?

A

dorsomedial nuc. (DM) pulvinar nuc. lateral posterior nuc. (LP)

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4
Q

What are the limbic nuclei?

A

anterior nuc. lateral dorsal nuc. (LD)

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5
Q

What are the motor planning and relay control nuclei?

A

ventral anterior nuc. (VA) ventral lateral nuc. (VL)

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6
Q

What are the sensory relay nuclei?

A

ventral posterior lateral nuc. (VPL) ventral posterior medial nuc. (VPM) lateral geniculate nuc. (LGN) medial geniculate nuc. (MGN)

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7
Q

What is the Gatekeeper nuclei?

A

reticular nuc.

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8
Q

What is the input and output of the non specific nuclei?

A

arousal (cortical excitability)

input- spinal cord and brainstem reticular formation

output- widespread, diffuse projection to cerebral cortex and basal ganglia

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9
Q

What is the input and output of the associative nuclei?

A

dorsomedial nucleus - affect, emotion, motivation, behavior, olfactory interpretation

Input - amygdala, entorhinal cortex

output - prefrontal association complex

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10
Q

What are the affects of a dorsalmedial lesion?

A

may relieve anxiety states. Affects of DM lesion parallel affects of prefrontal lobotomy (which disrupts prefrontal connections to thalamus. Also, DM degenerates after prefrontal lobotomy

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11
Q

What is Karsakoffs syndrome?

A

Bilateral medial degeneration of thalamus in chronic alcoholism accompanied by thiamine deficiency

Effects include anterograde amnesia in addition to behavioral problems

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12
Q

What is the input and outputs of the associative (lateral posterior nucleus)nuclei?

A

lateral posterior nucleus – visual integration, interpretation & response

input - superior colliculus and pretectum

output superior posterior association complex

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13
Q

What is the input of associative (pulvinar) nuclei?

A

pulvinar nucleus – visual integration, interpretation & response

Input- retina, pretectum, superior colliculus and visual association areas

output- ocipital, parietal, temporal association cortex

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14
Q

What is the input/output of the limbic (anterior nucleus)?

A

anterior nucleus – relay in Papez circuit of emotion and memory

input-mammillary nucleus of hypothalamus (via mammillothalamic tract)

Output- cingulate gyrus

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15
Q

What is the input/output of th elimbic (lateral dorsal nucleus)?

A

lateral dorsal nucleus (LD) – limbic functions including emotion

input -hippocampal formation

output-cingulate gyrus

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16
Q

What is the input/output of the motor planning and control relay(ventral anterior (VA) and ventral lateral(VL)) nucleus?

A

ventral anterior (VA) nucleus & ventral lateral nucleus (VL)

input- basal nuclei & cerebellum

Output- premotor& supplementary motor cortex

17
Q

What is the input/output for sensory relay (ventral posterior lateral nucleus) ?

A

§ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL) – descriminative touch, conscious proprioception, pain & temperature, limbs & trunk

input- conscious somatosensory from trunk and limbs

ouput-somatosensory cortex for limbs and trunk

18
Q

What is the input/output for sensory relay (Ventral posterior medial nucleus)?

A

ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM) – descriminative touch, conscious proprioception, pain & temperature, and taste from face-head

input-conscious trigeminothalamic & gustatory pathways

output-somatosensory cortex for face + anterior insula (taste)

19
Q

What is the input/output for sensory relay(lateral geniculate) nucleus?

A

lateral geniculate nucleus - relay in primary visual perception

input - optic tract

output- primary visual cortex

20
Q

What is the input/output for for the sensory relay (medial geniculate) nucleus?

A

medial geniculate nucleus - relay in primary auditory perception

input- inferior colliculus (via brachium)

output - primary auditory cortex

21
Q

What is the input/output for the gatekeeper (reticular) nucleus?

A

reticular nucleus – regulate thalamocortical-corticothalamic communication

input -thalamocortical and corticothalamic collaterals

output- thalmic nuclei and cortex

22
Q

Where does thalamocortical and coticothalamic pathways pass?

What is the function of the function of the reticular nucleus?

A

Thalamocortical and corticothalamic pathways pass through and communicate with the reticular nucleus neurons via axon collaterals

Reticular nucleus probably modulates (regulates) the exchange of information between the thalamus and cortex

23
Q

What may reticular fibers may be indicated in what pathophisiology?

A

schizophrenia.

Thalamus (4 decks)

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