Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 5 (Basic Neuroscience) > Thalamus > Flashcards

Thalamus Flashcards

1
Q

True or False. The thalamus control the level of cortical excitability.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or False. The thalamus is involved in the awareness of pain.

A

2.True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The diencephalon is located at what part of the brainstem?

A

The rostral end.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three components of the diencephalon?

A

4.Epithalamus, Dorsal Thalamus, Subthalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What four structures comprise the epithalamus?

A

5.Habenular Trigones, Epithelial root of the 3rd ventricle, Pineal Body, Striae Medullaris [HEPS]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The habenulae serves as a relay station between the ___________ and the ___________.

A

olfactory centers and the brainstem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the site of convergence of the limbic forebrain pathway that conveys impulses to the rostral portions of the midbrain?

A

7.Habenulae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The habenulae gives origin to the ________.

A

8.habenula-interpeduncular tract or fasciculus retroflexus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The lateral habenular nucleus receives afferent from what structures?

A
  1. Internal segment of the globus pallidus, lateral hypothalamus, substantia innominate, lateral preoptic area, ventral tegmental area, midbrain raphe nuclei.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The lateral habenular nucleus is the functional interface between ________ and _________.

A

10.limbic and motor systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The medial habenular nucleus has 3 types of neurons, what are these?

A

11.Cholinergic, serotonergic projections, and adrenergic innervation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The cholinergic neurons receive afferents from _________ and __________.

A

12.posterior parts of the septal nuclei and midbrain raphe nuclei.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The serotoninergic projections receive from the ________.

A

midbrain raphe nuclei.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adrenergic innervation receives from _________.

A

superior cervical ganglion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What structure serves as an indirect photosensitive neuroendocrine organ?

A

15.Pineal Gland or the Epiphysis Cerebri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The pineal gland or epiphysis cerebri secretes _________, _________, and ___________.

A

16.serotonin, norepinephrine, melatonin. [SMN]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This structure serves as the terminal station of the sensory pathways.

A

Dorsal Thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two types of thalamic nuclei and their respective fiber connections?

A

18.Specific thalamic nuclei has connections to the cerebral cortex while Nonspecific nuclei has connections to the brainstem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 2 medullary lamina of the thalamus?

A

19.Internal and External

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is the internal medullary lamina located?

A

20.Between the medial nuclei group and the lateral and anterior nuclei groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is the external medullary lamina located?

A

21.Between the lateral nuclear group and the reticular nucleus which encloses the lateral surface of the thalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The fibers of the thalamic radiation or corona radiata runs in what fashion through the internal capsule toward the cerebral cortex?

A

Oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The neuronal circuit is composed of the _________ and the ________.

A

23.thalamocortical limb and the corticothalamic limb.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens if the circumscribed cortical fields were destructed?

A

There will be neuronal death in the respective thalamic nuclei. And this is called the retrograde degeneration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the cortical projection of the anterior nuclei?

A

25.Cingulate gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the cortical projection of the medial nuclei?

A

26.Frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the cortical projection of the lateral nuclei?

A

Parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the cortical projection of the ventral anterior?

A

Premotor complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the cortical projection of the ventral lateral?

A

29.Motor precentral area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the cortical projection of the ventral posterior?

A

30.Sensory post central area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the cortical projection of the pulvinar?

A

Parietal and temporal and cuneus

32
Q

What is the cortical projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus?

A

32.Visual cortex

33
Q

What is the cortical projection of the medial geniculate nucleus?

A

33.Auditory cortex

34
Q

What are the lateral subdivisions according to Hassler?

A

34.Lateropolar nucleus. dorso-oral, dorsointermediate, dorsocaudal nucleus, ventro-oral, ventrointermediate, ventrocaudal nucleus, and central zone

35
Q

The anterior nuclear group receives hypothalamic input from the mammilary nucleus through what tract?

A
  1. Mamillothalamic tract
36
Q

The limbic system is also known as the what?

A

36.Papez circuit of emotion

37
Q

The medial nuclear group projects to what lobe of the cerebrum?

A

The frontal lobe.

38
Q

The afferent fibers of the medial nuclear group are from the _______ and _________.

A

Globuspallidus and basal nucleus.

39
Q

What is the main function of the medial nuclear group?

A

It determines the basic affective mood.

40
Q

True or False. The lateral nuclear group receives any extrathalamic input.

A

40.False, it does not receive.

41
Q

The lateral nuclear group is efferent to what lobe of the cerebrum?

A

41.The parietal lobe.

42
Q

What is the afferent of the Ventral Nuclear (Ventral Anterior) Group?

A

42.The Globuspallidus, probably in the caudate nucleus and the nonspecific thalamic nuclei.

43
Q

The ventral nuclear group (ventral lateral) is afferent from _______.

A

43.crossed superior cerebral peduncle.

44
Q

What part of the brain influences voluntary movement (body posture, coordination, muscle tone).

A

44.Cerebellum

45
Q

The ventral nuclear group (ventral posterior) is also called _______.

A

45.The ventrobasal complex

46
Q

46.What nuclear group serves as the nucleus of termination of general somatic afferent (touch, pain, temperature) and special visceral afferent (taste) fibers.

A

ventral nuclear group (ventral posterior)

47
Q

The ventral nuclear group (ventral posterior) is efferent to ______.

A

Sensory Postcentral area.

48
Q

What are the 2 subnuclei of the ventral nuclear group (ventral posterior)?

A

48.Ventral posterolateral nucleus and Ventral posteromedial nucleus.

49
Q

Lesions from this nucleus result in contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation, loss of tactile discrimination in the head and results in ipsilateral loss of taste.

A

49.Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus

50
Q

The metathalamus or the Lateral Geniculate Body is also termed as the ____.

A

50.visual relay nucleus.

51
Q

The afferent of the left lateral geniculate body is _____________ and the _______.

A
  1. temporal half of the left eye and nasal half of the right eye.
52
Q

The afferent of the right lateral geniculate body is _____________ and the _______.

A

52.temporal half of the right eye and nasal half of the left eye.

53
Q

The metathalamus (medial geniculate body) is the relay station of the ___________ pathway.

A

Auditory pathway.

54
Q

The afferent of the metathalamus (medial geniculate body) is the _________________.

A

54.ipsilateral inferior colliculus.

55
Q

The efferent of the metathalamus (medial geniculate body) is the ____________.

A

55.Auditory cortex at the Transverse Temporal Gyri or Heschl’s convolutions of the temporal lobe.

56
Q

The metathalamus (medial geniculate body) projects to the primary auditory cortex via the __________.

A

56.Auditory radiation.

57
Q

The pulvinar is divided into four parts:

A

pars superior, pars inferior, pars medialis, pars lateralis

58
Q

True or False. The pulvinar receives extrathalamic input.

A

False, it does not receive.

59
Q

Afferents of Pulvinar: ______ and ______.

A
  1. Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and Medial Geniculate Body
60
Q

This is the continuation of the reticular formation of the brainstem into the diencephalon.

A

Reticular Nucleus.

61
Q

The reticular nucleus projects to the __________.

A

61.Thalamic Nuclei.

62
Q

What is the function of the reticular nucleus?

A

62.It integrates and gates the activities of thalamic neurons.

63
Q

The nonspecific thalamic nuclei has connections to the ________, _________, and __________.

A

63.brainstem, diencephalic nuclei, and corpus striatum.

64
Q

The ________________ is afferent from brainstem reticular formation,cerebellum,
globus pallidus, cerebral cortex, spinothalamic and trigerminal lemniscus.

A

Nonspecific Thalamic Nuclei.

65
Q

The nonspecific thalamic nuclei is efferent to the _____ and _________.

A
  1. other thalamic nuclei and striatum.
66
Q

The thalamus is mostly supplied by the _______ and partly by ____________.

A

65.Deep branches of the posterior cerebral artery; anterior choroidal artery.

67
Q

The subthalamus is a continuation of the __________.

A

66.midbrain tegmentum

68
Q

This is the motor zone of the diencephalon.

A
  1. Subthalamus
69
Q

True or False. The nonspecific thalamic nuclei is said to be cortex independent. This means that neurons are not injured by the removal of the cortex.

A

True

70
Q

This is the nuclei of the central thalamic gray matter.

A

Median/Midline Nuclei.

71
Q

70.The ________________ includes the paratenial, central, rhomboidal and
reuniens nuclei; all are in close relationship to the mass intermedia or interthalamic adhesions.

A

Median/ Midline Nuclei.

72
Q

The median or midline nuclei receives input from the ________, _________, _____, and ______.

A

hypothalamus, brainstem nuclei, amygdala, and parahippocampus

73
Q

The median or midline nuclei sends output to the ______ and ______.

A

limbic system and ventral striatum.

74
Q

This is the largest of the nonspecific thalamic nuclei and is considered as the centromedian-parafascicular nuclear complex.

A

Centromedian Nucleus.

75
Q

The ventrocaudal parvocellular part of the centromedian nucleus projects to the ____.

A

Putamen

76
Q

The dorso-oral magnocellular part of the centromedian nucleus projects to the _____.

A

caudate nucleus.

Block 5 (Basic Neuroscience) (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions