Thalamus Flashcards
what is the thalamus?
A relay station for sensory information, because it has connections with all areas of cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, brainstem, basal ganglia.
what separates the thalamus from the head of caudate?
stria terminalis
where does the stria terminalis originate and to where does it proyect to?
in the amygdala and project to hypothalamus, septum, and nucleus accumbens.
what connects the two thalami?
what do you call the posterior end of the thalamus?
what structure do you find in the posterior end of the thalamus?
the interthalamic adhesion
pulvinar
lateral and medial geniculate bodies
what structures make-up the epithalamus?
where is the epithalamus located?
pineal body and habenula
anterior to the pineal gland
what is another name for the habenula?
The gray matter of the thalamus is separated by…?? what is that?
stalk of the pineal body
internal medullary lamina, a sheet of white matter
the internal medullary lamina will separate the thalamus into what compartments?
anterior, medial, and lateral regions.
identify
identify the subdivisions of the thalamus
the anterior portion of the thalamus contains what?
what information does it receive?
what does the anterior portion of the thalamus do?
the thalamic nuclei
- it receives:
- mammilothalamic tract information
- reciprocal connections with hypothalamus and cingulate gyrus
it deals with emotional tone, and recent memory.
what does the medial portion of the thalamus contain?
what information does the medial portion of the thalamus receive?
what is the medial portion of the thalamus do?
A lesion at th emedial portion of the thalamus can result in what?
mediodorsal nucleus
- reciprocal connections with the prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, amygdala.
- connects to the intralaminar nucleus of thalamus.
it deals with integration of sensory information, and how it relates to emotional states.
Wernicke-Korsakoff type memory loss.
the lateral portion of the thalamus divides into what?
what does each contain?
Dorsal and Ventral Tiers
- Dorsal contains: lateral dorsal nuclei (LD), lateral posterior (LP) nuclei and pulvinar
- pulvinar contains: lateral and medial geniculate bodies (audio/visual info)
- Ventral contains:
- Ventral anterior: ventral anterior nucleus and ventral lateral nucleus,
- Ventral posterior: Ventral posteromedial, Ventral posterolateral
the Ventral anterior nucleus is connected to what?
the ventral anterior nucleus will project to where?
Connected to basal ganglia (corpus striatum), and motor areas of cortex.
Projects to prefrontal cortex and premotor area.
the ventral lateral nucleus receives major input from what structure?
the ventral lateral nucleus projects to where?
the cerebellum
Projects to motor (4) and premotor (6) regions.
the Ventral posterior nucleus (VP) is Divided into?
Axons leaving these nuclei pass briefly through where?
- Ventral posteromedial: Receives trigeminal and gustatory pathways
- Ventral posterolateral: Receives ascending medial and spinal leminisci tracts.
the posterior limb of internal capsule.
what is the Intralaminar nucleus?
the intralaminar nucleus is connected to what?
what does the intralaminar nucleus do?
A small group of neurons within the internal medullary lamina.
to reticular formation, other thalamic nuclei, striatum
Believed to influence levels of consciousness.
what is the Centromedian nucleus?
A separate group of intra-laminar nuclei involved in motor functions.
what is the Reticular nucleus?
what does it do?
What relationship does the Cortex have with the reticular nucleus?
A thin layer of cells separating the surface of the thalamus from the posterior limb of the internal capsule.
Receives cortical inputs, sends axons to other thalamic nuclei.
The cortex may regulate thalamic activity through here.
identify the inputs to the areas
thalamic lesions will exhibit symptoms on which side?
what will affect what?
contralateral
all sensory inputs leading to ataxia
what is a thalamic
