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532- Neuroscience - Exam 2 > Thalamus > Flashcards

Thalamus Flashcards

0
Q

Nearly all inputs to the cerebrum synapse first on thalamus neurons.

What are some examples of these inputs?

A

Sensation, motor/movement, emotions, memory, arousal/consciousness, and attention.

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1
Q

What is the nickname for the Thalamus?

Why is this?

A

The “switchboard” for the brain.

It is because almost all inputs to the cerebrum first synapse in the thalamus, the thalamus projects axons to almost all of the cortex, and the thalamus gets feedback connections from the cortex.

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2
Q

What are the five groups that thalamus nuclei are organized into?

A
  1. Lateral nuclear group
  2. Medial nuclear group
  3. Anterior nuclear group
  4. Intralaminar nuclei
  5. Nonspecific nuclei
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3
Q

What structure separates the three groups?

What is this structure made of?

A

The Y shaped “internal medullary lamina” separates the three groups of nuclei.

The internal medullary lamina is made of white matter.

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4
Q

What nuclei are in the Lateral nuclei group?

A 
A. Ventral Posterolateral (VPL)
B. Ventral Posteromedial (VPM)
C. Lateral Geniculate (LGN)
D. Medial Geniculate (MGN)
E. Ventral Lateral (VL)
F. Ventral Anterior (VA)
G. Pulvinar (P)
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5
Q

What nuclei are in the Medial nuclei group?

A

Mediodorsal Nucleus (MD)

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6
Q

What nuclei are in the Anterior nuclei group?

A

Anterior Nucleus (AN)

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7
Q

Ventral Posterior Lateral Nuclei (VPL)

- Type

A

Relay: Sensory

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8
Q

Ventral Posterior Lateral Nuclei (VPL)

- Input

A

Ascending somatosensory pathways from body

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9
Q

Ventral Posterior Lateral Nuclei (VPL)

- Output

A

Somatosensory cortex

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10
Q

Ventral Posterior Lateral Nuclei (VPL)

- Function

A

Relays somatosensation of body to cortex

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11
Q

Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus (VPM)

- Type

A

Relay: Sensory

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12
Q

Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus (VPM)

- Input

A

Somatosensory pathways from face / taste

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13
Q

Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus (VPM)

- Output

A

Somatosensory cortex

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14
Q

Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus (VPM)

- Function

A

Relays somatosensation from face and taste to cortex

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15
Q

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)

- Type

A

Relay: Sensory

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16
Q

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)

- Input

A

Pathways from retina

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17
Q

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)

- Output

A

Primary visual cortex

18
Q

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)

- Function

A

Relays visual input to cortex

19
Q

Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN)

- Type

A

Relay: Sensory

20
Q

Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN)

- Input

A

Pathways from inferior colliculus

21
Q

Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN)

- Output

A

Primary auditory cortex

22
Q

Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN)

- Function

A

Relays auditory information to cortex

23
Q

Ventral Lateral nucleus (VL)

- Type

A

Relay: Motor

24
Q

Ventral Lateral nucleus (VL)

- Input

A

Motor pathways from cerebellum and basal ganglia

25
Q

Ventral Lateral nucleus (VL)

- Output

A

Motor, premotor and supplementary motor cortex

26
Q

Ventral Lateral nucleus (VL)

- Function

A

Relays motor information from basal ganglia and cerebellum to cortex

27
Q

Ventral Anterior nucleus (VA)

- Type

A

Relay: motor

28
Q

Ventral Anterior nucleus (VA)

- Input

A

Motor pathways from cerebellum and basal ganglia

29
Q

Ventral Anterior nucleus (VA)

- Output

A

Widespread to frontal lobe including motor areas

30
Q

Ventral Anterior nucleus (VA)

- Function

A

Relays motor information from basal ganglia and cerebellum to cortex

31
Q

Pulvinar (P)

- Type

A

Association

32
Q

Pulvinar (P)

- Input

A

Sensory pathways from tectum

33
Q

Pulvinar (P)

- Output

A

Parieto temporal occipital association complex

34
Q

Pulvinar (P)

- Function

A

Behavioral orientation to visual stimulus

35
Q 
Mediodorsal nucleus (MD)
- Type
A

Association

36
Q 
Mediodorsal nucleus (MD)
- Input
A

Pathways from limbic structures

37
Q 
Mediodorsal nucleus (MD)
- Output
A

Frontal cortex

38
Q 
Mediodorsal nucleus (MD)
- Function
A

Relay emotional and memory input to cortex

39
Q 
Anterior nucleus (AN)
- Type
A

Association

40
Q 
Anterior nucleus (AN)
- Input
A

Pathways from limbic structures and hippocampus

41
Q 
Anterior nucleus (AN)
- Output
A

Cingulate gyrus

42
Q 
Anterior nucleus (AN)
- Function
A

Relay information within the limbic system

532- Neuroscience - Exam 2 (6 decks)

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