Thacker Introduction Flashcards
Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates
5 pillars of animal health
Nutrition, breeding, disease, environment, management
5 functional components of plant/animals tissue
Fats, CHOs, Protein, Ash, Water
Absorption
Passage of the end-products of digestion from the GI into the body via the blood and lymph
Digestion
Taking big particles and making them small by a series of chemical reactions and hydrolysis
Metabolism
changes which nutrients undergo between the absorption and excretion as waste products
Anabolism
making molecules bigger. uses energy
Catabolism
making molecules smaller, gives off energy
purpose of nutrition
meet requirements at the lowest cost
(5) What makes a good diet?
- Contains all the ingredients
- All the essential nutrients in the right proportions
- Palatable
- Economical
- No toxic substances
Nutrient
a chemical element or compound in the diet of an animal that supports normal life processes (essential nutrients are key)
6 Classes of nutrients
- Vitamins,
- Minerals
- Water
- CHOs
- Protein
- Lipids
5 reasons for doing a feed analysis
- Give a balanced diet
- For use in estimating TDN or Net energy
- Solve a production problem
- Give a market value for feed
- Verify a commercial guarantee??
Nutrition
Science of how nutrients in the feed are utilized and converted into animal products
Cautions with NRC tables (3)
- minimum requirements
- don’t consider stress, disease or parasite load
- sensitive to environmental conditions
6 parts to the Proximate Analysis
- Moisture content
- Ash (minerals)
- Crude protein
- ether extract (lipid measure)
- crude fiber (CHOs)
- nitrogen free extract (NFE - for CHOs)
Steps to measure moisture (4)
Weigh –> go to 100C in oven —> weigh –> calc (weight after/ beginning weight)
Ash - characteristics (5)
- not individual measurement
- 600C burning
- P and Se are destroyed
- measuring is the same procedure as water
Wet ashing
using HClO (perchloric acid) to burn for P and Se
Kjeldahl Process (6)
weigh –> Boil in H2SO4 (to get ammonia sulfate) –> Add NaOH (ammonia OH) –> Add water in a known amount of HB (boric) –> Titrate in HCl (measures ammonia) –> multiply by 6.25
Flaws in Kjeldahl (2)
- all nitrogen comes from protein
2. all protein contains 16% N
Soxhlet process (4)
Weigh —> dehydrate –> extract with petroleum ether (or soxhlet extractor) –> evaporate (whats left is lipid)
High extract = high energy feed
Inaccuracies in Soxhlet (2)
- Accounts for undigestible lipids
2. does not get the individual vitamins (so we expect the in the feeds anyway)
Process of measuring CF (4)
Weigh –> Boil in H2SO4 (30 min) –> Boil in NaOH (30 min) —> dry and weigh –> residue/beginning weight. This process simply mimicks the stomachs process
Van Soest method
partitions fiber into soluble and insoluble
