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CLA Theorists > Textual Variations > Flashcards

Textual Variations Flashcards

1
Q

Lexical words

A

relate directly to objects, ideas, actions and description. They have a definable meaning.

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2
Q

Function words

A

have a grammatical purpose but do not carry the same level of meaning/information

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3
Q

Nouns

A

Name of something. People, places, objects

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4
Q

Proper nouns

A

Names of people, organisations and places. Have capital letters.

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5
Q

Common nouns

A

Collective, Abstract, Concrete

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6
Q

Collective noun

A

swarm, flack, group

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7
Q

Abstract noun

A

love, air, jealousy

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8
Q

Concrete noun

A

table, chair, notepad

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9
Q

When something is promoted positively or negatively.

A

Positive and Negative Connotations

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10
Q

Comparative adjective

A

comparing one thing to another

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11
Q

Superlative adjective

A

compares to the highest degree

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12
Q

Verbs

A

a doing word

a base term of a verb is infinitive. It hasn’t got a specific time or place.

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13
Q

Descriptive adjective

A

an ajective that describes a noun e.g heavy, red, soft

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14
Q

Evaluative adjective

A

an adjective with an implicit degree of judgement or bias e.g good, bad

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15
Q

Emotive adjective

A

an adjective with an explicit degree of judgment or bias e.g fantastic, terrible

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16
Q

Phrasal verb

A

verbs in two parts with an attached prepositon or adverb e.g tuck in, run away

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17
Q

Adverb of Manner

A

describes verbs e.g slowly, weirdly, happily, softly

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18
Q

Adverb of Degree (intensifier)

A

modify adjectives and indicate a degree of force or emphasis e.g very, really

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19
Q

Adverb of Frequency

A

state how often e.g always, sometimes, never

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20
Q

Adverb of Time

A

state when e.g tomorrow, last year

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21
Q

Declarative sentence function

A

make a statement e.g. I like crisps ( + exclamation mark for an exclamatory sentence)

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22
Q

Imperative sentence function

A

offer a command or advice/invitation e.g don’t eat them but do enjoy studying them

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23
Q

Interrogative sentence function

A

ask questions e.g how often do you eat junk food?

24
Q

Minor sentence

A

a sentence without a subject/verb e.g lovely crisps

25
Q

Simple sentence

A

a sentence with one main clause e.g I like crisps

26
Q

Compound sentence

A

a sentence with two main clauses joined by a coordinate conjunction e.g I like crisps but I don’t eat them often

27
Q

Complex sentence

A

a sentence with a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses joined by a subordinate conjunction e.g I like crisps because of all the different flavours

28
Q

Dynamic verb

A

refers to an action e.g Jim cried like a baby

29
Q

Stative verb

A

express a condition or state e.g Sarah HATES cheese

30
Q

Primary auxiliaries

A

to be, to have to do

31
Q

9 modal auxiliaries (expressing the necessity or probability of something happening)

A 
can
could
shall
would
will
would
must
may
might
32
Q

Connotative language

A

used to represent our opinion and attitudes, this can create biased views

33
Q

graphology

A

what the text looks like e.g colours, font

34
Q

Formal and Informal

A

what the text is like e.g causal or serious

35
Q

speech ‘er’

A

non-verbal filler

36
Q

synthetic personalisation

A

addressing a mass audience as if they were individuals

37
Q

Onomatopoeia

A

crunch, bang

38
Q

Prepositions

A

to, onto, into, against

39
Q

Tag question

A

it was good wasn’t it

40
Q

Speaker nomination

A

Tony, what do you think of this idea

41
Q

Paralinguistic language

A

it’s great to see you [arms out smiling]

42
Q

Emphatic stress

A

you said WHAT to her

43
Q

Elision

A

wassup, mate

44
Q

Adjacency pairs

A

A: any good?
B: quite good yeah

45
Q

Deixis/ deictic language

A

pass us that over here can you

46
Q

Pre modify

A

an adjective that you put in front of a noun e.g blue sky

47
Q

Future tense verb

A

I will…

48
Q

Written or Spoken text

A 
planned or unplanned 
formal or informal
transactional (convo for set purpose) or interactional (social) 
delayed or immediate
distant or close 
standard or non-standard
permanent or ephemeral
49
Q

Direct address

A

directed directly at the reader/audience

50
Q

Assertion

A

because we’re worth it

51
Q

Neologism

A

a new word e.g temptational

52
Q

Topics to analyse

A 
Content
Audience 
Mode
Genre
Purpose
53
Q

Hypernym

A

a broad category e.g Pet

54
Q

Hyponym

A

a specific thing e.g Pony

55
Q

Syntax

A

word order

56
Q

Amelioration

A

to make something better e.g hope this will help

57
Q

Acronym

A

NASA

CLA Theorists (5 decks)

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