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Engelse literatuur > Textual Analysis 5 VWO > Flashcards

Textual Analysis 5 VWO Flashcards

1
Q

What is the IB ‘big five’?

A
  1. Audience/purpose
  2. Content/theme
  3. Tone/mood
  4. Stylistic devices
  5. Structure
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2
Q

What is a bildungsroman?

A

a special kind of novel that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the main character, from his or her youth to adulthood.

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3
Q

What is deus ex machina?

A

refers to the circumstance where an unexpected power or event is saving a seemingly hopeless situation, especially as a contrived plot device in a play or a novel.

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4
Q

What is foreshadowing?

A

where future events in a story are suggested (however no mentioned deliberately).

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5
Q

What is in medias res?

A

the novel starts in the middle (B, A, C).

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6
Q

What is parallelism?

A

use of similar or identical language, structures, events or ideas in different parts of a text.

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7
Q

What is a red herring?

A

an item, action, character or idea specifically introduced to mislead readers or characters, or to induce them to make false conclusions.

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8
Q

What is an antogonist?

A

this/these characters provides conflict by acting as an opposing force to the protagonist.

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9
Q

What is an anti-hero?

A

a central character in a play or a book who lacks conventional heroic attributes.

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10
Q

What is an archetype?

A

a typical character, action or situation that seems to represent universal patterns of human nature.

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11
Q

What is an character arc?

A

the transformation of inner journey of a character over the course of the story.

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12
Q

What is direct or explicit characterisation?

A

another character, the narrator, or the protagonist describes him/herself to the audience.

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13
Q

What is a flat character?

A

one-dimensial. You only see on or two of their traits and they don’t change; often stereotypes.

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14
Q

What is a foil?

A

a character who is meant to represent characteristics, values, ideas, etc. which are directly and diametrically opposed to those of another character, usually the protagonist.

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15
Q

What is indirect or implicit characterisation?

A

it reveals details about a character without stating them explicitely.

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16
Q

What is a protagonist?

A

most important person in the story (can be more than 1).

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17
Q

What is a round character?

A

is complex, has many traits, and experiences change during the story. Always develop some way.

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18
Q

What are supporting characters?

A

other, less important characters who can help or hinder the protagonist.

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19
Q

What is a tragic hero/tragic figure?

A

a protagonist who comes to a bad end as a result of his won behaviour, usually caused by a specific character flaw.

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20
Q

What is a tragic flaw?

A

the single characteristic (usually negative) or personality flaw which causes the downfall of the protagonist.

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21
Q

What two kind of settings are there?

A

Backdrop, unimportant, could be happening anywhere else.
Integral, influences the story.

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22
Q

What is first person narrative?

A

writing from the perspective of the writer of main character.

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23
Q

What is second person narrative?

A

addresses you, the reader, directly: the writer tells the story by using second person pronouns, like you and your.

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24
Q

What is the third person perspective?

A

uses he, she, it and they personal pronouns. Commonly used.

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25
Q

What is third person objective?

A

an impersonal recorder or neutral observer narrates the fact or details to the readers.

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26
Q

What is omniscient narrater?

A

reports the facts, as well as interpreting and relating the thoughts of a character. Very popular.

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27
Q

What is third person limited?

A

a narrator reports and interprets the facts and events rom a single character’s perspective.

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28
Q

What is the difference in tone and mood?

A

tone is conveyed through choice of words, while mood is the atmosphere of the piece of writing.

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29
Q

What is connotation vs denotation?

A

connotation is figurative language, while denotation is literal.

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30
Q

What is symbolism?

A

the use of specific objects or images to represent abstract ideas

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31
Q

What is an allusion?

A

a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance

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32
Q

What is a metaphor?

A

a comparison between two unrelated things, but that share common characteristics

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33
Q

What is a simile?

A

a direct comparison between two different things, showing the similarities. Using like and as

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34
Q

What is personification?

A

a figure of speech where a thing is given human attributes

35
Q

What is an anthropomorphism?

A

where animals are portrayed as human by walking, talking, etc.

36
Q

What is imagery?

A

presents in such a way it appeals to our physical senses. For imagery you need other figure of speeches, as in a metaphor, simile, onomatopoeia and personification.

37
Q

What is a synecdoche?

A

a part represents the whole, or the whole represents a part
(=> check out my new wheels)

38
Q

What is a metonymy?

A

replaces the name of a things with the name of something else with which is is closely associated (=> you owe loyalty to the crown)

39
Q

What is an alliteration?

A

example: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers

40
Q

What is an onomatopoeia?

A

used to describe words that mime the natural sounds of things

41
Q

What is a cacophony/euphony?

A

cacophony uses hard sounds, for an unpleasant feeling. While euphony uses pleasant sounds, for a relaxed feeling

42
Q

What is a juxtapositon?

A

two or more things are places side by side, for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts
(=> night and day, good and evil)

43
Q

What is a oxymoron?

A

when two opposite ideas are joined to create and effect
(=> cruel kindness, living death)

44
Q

What is a paradox?

A

a statement that appears to self-contradictory or silly, but may actually be true
(=> if I know one thing, it’s that I know nothing)

45
Q

What is diction, what types are there?

A

choice of words:
- formal
- informal
- colloquial (= specific to time, region and community)
- slang

46
Q

What is a hyperbole?

A

exaggerating ideas in order to create emphasis

47
Q

What is an euphemism?

A

it loses its literal meaning and refers to something else, in order to lose its unpleasantness

48
Q

What is a creative license?

A

exaggeration or alteration of objective facts or reality, for the purpose of enhancing meaning in a fictional context

49
Q

What is an asyndeton?

A

means you intentionally eliminate conjunctions between phrases, without grammatical error
(=> without looking, without making a sound, without talking)

50
Q

What is a syndeton?

A

including multiple conjunctions (he eats and sleeps and drinks)

51
Q

What is irony, and what kind are there?

A

a difference between appearance and reality:
- situational: reversal of expectations
- dramatic: reader knows somethings, the characters don’t
- verbal: a person says on thing, but means another

52
Q

What is sarcasm?

A

part of verbal irony, but with the intent to hurt

53
Q

What is a pun?

A

a play on words that produce a humorous effect by using a word that suggests two or more meanings

54
Q

What is wit?

A

a clever expression of thought, someone has wit, is witty

55
Q

What is syntax?

A

a set of rules in a language

56
Q

What is a disjuncion?

A

a conjunction that dramatically interrupts the rhythm of he sentence. Creates suspense or surprise

57
Q

What is sentence structure?

A

short and simple sentences create tension, haste or urgency; long and complex sentences are slower and often feature in formal texts

58
Q

What are fractured sentences?

A

incomplete sentences are used to increase tension or urgency, or reflect the way people speak to each other

59
Q

What is an enjambment?

A

a poetic technique, when a sentence or phrase runs over more than one line. This assists the flow

60
Q

What is a ballad?

A

usually narrative verses (telling a story). Originally they were set to music. Often ABABBCBC or ABABABAB

61
Q

What is a sonnet, what three types are there?

A

14 lines, a specific rhyme, a particular twist in the message:
- Petrarchan: ABBA ABBA CDE CDE or ABBA ABBA CDC CDC
- Shakespearean: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG
- Spenserian: ABAB BCBC CDCD EE

62
Q

What is a limerick?

A

comic verses, containing five lines. The 1st, 2nd and 5th are longer and rhyme together

63
Q

What is a haiku?

A

from Japan, 5-7-5 syllables per line. Usually don’t rhyme and have to include some kind of contrast or juxtaposition, creating an effect of suprise

64
Q

What is an ode?

A

verses aimed to praise something

65
Q

What is an elegy?

A

an elegy typically mourns the death of an individual

66
Q

What is a blank verse?

A

consists of 10 syllables, iambic, has no set number of lines. Often used in descriptive and reflective poetry, and in dramatic monologues

67
Q

What is free verse?

A

no set meter, rhyme scheme or pattern. Popular in (post) modernist literature

68
Q

What is concrete poetry?

A

here the typographical effect is most imporant

69
Q

What is an anadiplosis?

A

a repeated word or phrase is used both at the end of one sentence or clause and at the beginning of the next
(=> fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering)

70
Q

What is an anaphora?

A

repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses of verses
(= it was the best of times, it was the worst of times)

71
Q

What is an anecdote?

A

a short story to demonstrate a point and to make the audience laugh

72
Q

What is an anthypophora?

A

kind of rhetorical question, but answers his own questions immediately

73
Q

What is an aporia?

A

where a speaker expresses doubt about something, usually as a way of proving a point

74
Q

What is an assonance?

A

similarity in sound between internal vowels in neighbouring words

75
Q

What is a dialogismus?

A

the speaker ends up talking not as themselves, just for rhetorical effect (either as thinking out loud as someone else, or paraphrasing)

76
Q

What is ethos?

A

a statement that relies on the credibility and authority of the speaker

77
Q

What is eutrepismus?

A

the numbering of a series of phrasing, making them easier to take in a nd follow your train of though

78
Q

What is kairos?

A

a statement that makes use of the particular moment

79
Q

What is logos?

A

a statement based on reason and logic:
- inductive
- deductive

80
Q

What is pathos?

A

a statement meant to play on your emotions

81
Q

What is a rhetorical question?

A

question just asked for the effect

82
Q

What is repetition?

A

repeating the same words or phrases

83
Q

What is an understatement?

A

makes the situations seem less important

Engelse literatuur (3 decks)

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