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Engelse literatuur > Textual Analysis > Flashcards

Textual Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

The IB ‘big five’?

A

1 Audience/purpose
2 Content/theme
3 Tone/mood
4 Stylistic devices
5 Structure

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2
Q

What is the tone?

A

Shows the attitude of the writer. It is used through the use of words.

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3
Q

What is the mood?

A

The atmosphere of the text, the way it makes you feel.

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4
Q

What is connotation, and denotation?

A

Connotation means figuratively, while denotation means literally.

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5
Q

What is an allusion?

A

A brief reference to a person, place, thing/idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance.

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6
Q

What is an allegory?

A

A story with a double meaning –> one primary, one secondary.

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7
Q

What is a metaphor?

A

A comparison between two things that are unrelated, but share common characteristics.

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8
Q

What is a simile?

A

A direct comparison. Using ‘like’ and ‘as’.

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9
Q

What is personification?

A

When objects, ideas or animals are given human traits.

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10
Q

What is imagery?

A

Presents in a way it appeals our physical senses. Must make us of other figures of speech.

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11
Q

What are the sound devices?

A

Alliteration, onomatopoeia, cacophony/euphony.

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12
Q

What is an alliteration?

A

When the first letters of a number of words sound alike.

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13
Q

What is onomatopoeia?

A

It imitates the sound described.

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14
Q

What is cacophony/euphony?

A

C- the use of sharp, harsh sounds, to create an unpleasant feeling. Usually consonants.
E- the use of harmonious and unpleasant wounds, to create a relaxed feeling. Usually vowels.

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15
Q

Which stylistic devices create contrast?

A

Juxtaposition, oxymoron and paradox

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16
Q

What is a juxtaposition?

A

When two things are put side to side, to create comparisons and contrasts.
{It was the best of times, it was the worst of times}

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17
Q

What is an oxymoron?

A

When two opposite ideas are joined to create an affect.
{cruel kindness}

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18
Q

What is a paradox?

A

A statement that appears self-contradictory or silly but may actually be true.
{i can resist anything but temptation}

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19
Q

What 3 stylistic devices fall under the ‘use of language’?

A

Diction, hyperbole and euphemism

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20
Q

What is diction?

A

The choice of words by a writer.
There are:
- formal language
- informal language
- colloquial (=specific language tied to time, region and community)
- slang (=new, impolite words)

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21
Q

What is a hyperbole?

A

Exaggerating ideas in order to create emphasis.
{dying of shame}

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22
Q

What is euphemism?

A

It loses its literal meaning, in order to hide its unpleasantness.
{passed away - someone died}

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23
Q

What is irony?

A

Simply put, a difference between appearance and reality.

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24
Q

What three types of irony are there, explain them too.

A

Situational - when something happens and a reversal of expectations occurs.

Dramatic - when the audience know something the characters don’t.

Verbal - when a speaker says one thing, but means another.

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25
Q

What is sarcasm?

A

A form of verbal iron. But sarcasm is often used to hurt someone.

26
Q

What is an anecdote?

A

A short story, often proposed to support or demonstrate some point, and to make the audience laugh.

27
Q

What is logos?

A

A statement based on reason and logic, there are 2 types:
1 Inductive reasoning -> specific fact drawn towards a conclusion
2 Deductive reasoning -> involves generalization at first and then moves on to a specific case

28
Q

What is pathos?

A

A statement meant to play on your emotions, not based on facts.

29
Q

What is ethos?

A

A statement that relies on the credibility and authority of the speaker.

30
Q

What is kairos?

A

A statement saying the right thing, at the right time.

31
Q

What is a rhetorical question?

A

A question asked just for effect, with an obvious answer.

32
Q

What is repetition?

A

Repeating the same words or phrases a few times to make an idea clearer and more memorable.

33
Q

What are some important things in structure?

A
  • layout
  • graphology (=what does the text look like)
  • punctuation
  • font (=lettertype)
34
Q

What is syntax?

A

A set of rules in a language. It shows how words from different parts of speech are put together. To create meaning within a text.

35
Q

What is a disjunction?

A

A conjunction (but/yet) that dramatically interrupts the rhythm of the sentence. Can create suspense or surprise.

36
Q

What is sentence structure?

A

Short sentences create tension.
Long and complex sentences are slower and often more formal.

37
Q

What are fractured sentences?

A

Incomplete sentences are used to increase tension or urgency, or reflect the way people speak to each other.

38
Q

What is enjambment?

A

A poetic technique, when a sentence runs over more than one line. This assists the flow of a poem.

39
Q

What can the tense add?

A

Shift in verb tense can create additional meaning.

40
Q

What is a ballad?

A

Usually narrative verses. Often set to music.

41
Q

What is a sonnet?

A

Meaning little song. Has 14 lines.

42
Q

What is a limerick?

A

Comic verses. containing 5 lines. The 1st, 2nd and 5th line are longer and rhyme together.

43
Q

What is haiku?

A

A 3-line poem, features 5-7-5 syllables per lines. They don’t rhyme.

44
Q

What is ode?

A

Aim to praise something.

45
Q

What is elegy?

A

Mourns the death of an individual. Questions are asked about destiny, justice and fate. The poet makes a subtle comparison to his own life. And towards the end they try to provide comfort to ease the pain.

46
Q

What is a blank verse?

A

Consists of lines with 10 syllables, but has no fixed number of lines.

47
Q

What is free verse?

A

No set meter, no rhyming scheme and doesn’t follow a pattern.

48
Q

What is an acrostic poem?

A

Here the first letter of each line spells out a name of the message.

49
Q

What is concrete poetry?

A

Concrete, pattern or shape poetry. The shape of the poem is of great importance.

50
Q

Which type of poem consists of two rhyming lines having the same meter?

A

A couplet

51
Q

Which type of poem consists of three lines. aaa or aba?

A

A tercet

52
Q

Which type of poem consists of common rhyming schemes aaaa, aabb or abab?

A

A quatrain

53
Q

Which type of poem consists of five lines, and has a typical stress pattern?

A

A quintain

54
Q

Which type of poem consists of six lines?

A

A sestet

55
Q

Which type of poem consists of eight lines?

A

A octave

56
Q

What is perfect and general rhyme?

A

Perfect - final vowel {sight & light}
General - likeness between words

57
Q

What is eye rhyme?

A

Same spelling, but different sound.
{cough and bough}

58
Q

What is tail rhyme?

A

Most common type of rhyme, at the end of each line.

59
Q

What is internal rhyme?

A

A word at the end of the line rhymes with another word in the same line.

60
Q

What is cross rhyme?

A

Matching sounds at the end of intervening lines. E.g. ABAB.

61
Q

What is chain rhyme?

A

The linking together of stanzas by carrying a rhyme over from one stanza to the next.

Engelse literatuur (3 decks)

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