Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KNS 480 > TEXTBOOK TEST 2 > Flashcards

TEXTBOOK TEST 2 Flashcards

1
Q

lowest to highest exercise intensity

A

moderate
heavy
very heavy severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

percents of lactate used as a substrate

A

70% produced during exercise is oxidized
20% converted to glucose
10% converted to amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

major sources of energy during exercise

A

carbs and fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

low intensity uses what source for energy

A

fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

high intensity uses what source for energy

A

carbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the CNS responsible for

A

memory and learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the two main parts of the nervous system

A

central nervous system
peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the CNS consist of

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the two subdivisions of the PNS

A

sensory
motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the sensory division in PNS do

A

transmission of neuron impulses from organs to CNS

afferent fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does the motor division in PNS do

A

efferent fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the motor division in PNS further divide into

A

somatic motor division
autonomic motor division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does the somatic motor division do

A

innervates skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does the autonomic division do

A

innervates involuntary effector organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

afferent

A

somatic sensory
visceral sensory
special sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

efferent

A

somatic motor
automatic motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

somatic sensory

A

sensory input that is consciously perceived from receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

visceral sensory

A

sensory input that is not consciously perceived from receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

somatic motor

A

motor output that is consciously or voluntarily controlled

effector is skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

automatic motor

A

motor output that is not consciously or involuntarily controlled

effectors are cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does the automatic motor system further break into

A

sympathetic
parasympathetic
enteric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 regions of a neuron

A

cell body
dendrites
axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cell body

A

center of operation
contains nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

dendrites

A

thin, branched processes that extend from cell body

receptive area that can conduct electrical impulses toward body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

axon

A
  • called action potentials

away from cell body toward another neuron
each neuron only has one axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the contact between an axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron called

A

synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

schwann cells

A

in large nerve fibers (skeletal muscle)
insulating layer of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

saltatory conduction

A

skips from node to node to shorten total length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

at rest, what charge are neurons inside the cell

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what two factors influence the magnitude of resting membrane potential

A

permeability of cell membrane

difference in ion concentration between intracellular and extracellular fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is an action potential

A

when depolarization reaches a threshold, and more sodium gates open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what does depolarization cause

A

increase in membrane permeability to potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

all or none law

A

if a nerve impulse is initiated, it will travel the entire length of an axon without decrease in voltage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

temporal summation

A

summing of several EPSP from a single presynaptic neuron over a short time period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

spatial summation

A

sum of EPSP from several different presynaptic inputs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

EPSP can bring postsynaptic neuron to threshold in two ways

A

temporal summation
spatial summation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

transmitter at the neural muscle junction is

A

acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what does acetylcholine do

A

opens channels to permit sodium to enter nerve or muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what happens when enough sodium enters postsynaptic membrane

A

depolarization starts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

hyperpolarization of membrane is called

A

inhibitory postsynaptic potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what are receptors that provide CNS with info about body position called

A

proprioceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

kinesthesia

A

conscious recognition of the position of body parts with respect to each other, also speed of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

three principles of joint proprioceptors

A

free nerve endings
golgi type receptors
pacinian corpuscules

44
Q

free nerve endings

A

most abundant
sensitive to touch and pressure

45
Q

golgi type receptors

A

found in ligaments around joints

46
Q

pacinian corpuscles

A

found in tissue around joints
adapt rapidly following initiation of movement

47
Q

skeletal muscle contains what sensory receptors

A

muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs

48
Q

sensory feedback includes

A

info concerning tension
muscle length

49
Q

golgi tendon organs provide CNS with what feedback

A

tension of muscle

50
Q

muscle spindles provide CNS with what sensory info

A

relative length of muscle

51
Q

muscle spindles run which way

A

parallel with muscle fibers

52
Q

muscle spindles contain two types of sensory nerve endings

A

primary
secondary

53
Q

muscle spindles primary endings do what

A

respond to dynamic change in muscle length

54
Q

muscle spindles secondary endings do what

A

provide CNS with continuous info concerning static muscle length

55
Q

function of muscle spindle

A

assist in movement
maintain posture

56
Q

what happens when golgi tendon organs are activated

A

send info to spinal cord via sensory neurons, excite inhibitory neurons

57
Q

what does the vestibular apparatus do

A

maintains balance and equilibrium

58
Q

three major parts of the motor control functions of the brain

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
brain stem

59
Q

cerebral cortex three main functions

A

organization of complex movement

storage of learned experiences (memory)

reception of sensory info

60
Q

cerebellum function

A

coordination and monitoring complex movement

61
Q

brain stem function

A

metabolic functions:
ex: cardiorespiratory

62
Q

major structures of brain stem

A

medulla
pons
midbrain

63
Q

reticular formation

A

series of complex neurons scattered throughout stem

64
Q

what effector organs do autonomic nerves innervate

A

non voluntary

65
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

activate organ
found in thoracic/lumbar region

neurotransmitter is norepinephrine

66
Q

norepinephrine

A

binds to alpha or beta receptors

67
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

inhibit organ
found in brain stem/sacral portion

neurotransmitter is acetylcholine

68
Q

at rest, what is the relationship between parasympathetic and sympathetic

A

in balance

69
Q

during exercise, what is the relationship between parasympathetic and sympathetic

A

parasympathetic decreases

sympathetic increases

70
Q

during cessation, what is the relationship between parasympathetic and sympathetic

A

parasympathetic increases

sympathetic decreases

71
Q

three important functions of skeletal muscle

A

force generation for locomotion and breathing

force generation for postural support

heat production during cold stress

72
Q

muscles that decrease joint angle

A

flexors

73
Q

muscles that increase joint angle

A

extensors

74
Q

outer most layer that covers muscle

A

epimysium

75
Q

connective tissue

A

perimysium

76
Q

individual bundles of muscle fiber

A

fascicle

77
Q

each muscle fiber is surrounded by connective tissue called

A

endomysium

78
Q

muscle cells are multi or singular nucleated

A

multi

79
Q

cell membrane surrounding muscle fiber cell is called

A

sarcolemma

80
Q

satellite cells

A

undifferentiated cells that are key in muscle growth and repair

81
Q

myonuclear domain

A

the volume of sarcoplasm surrounding an individual nucleus

82
Q

myofibrils

A

numerous threadlike structures that contain contractile proteins

83
Q

tow major types of protein filaments in myofibrils

A

myosin
actin

84
Q

two proteins located on actin

A

troponin
tropomyosin

85
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

serves as storage site calcium

86
Q

what triggers muscular contraction

A

calcium release

87
Q

the site where motor neuron and muscle cell meet

A

neuromuscular junction

88
Q

what causes the muscle to shorten

A

actin sliding over myosin

89
Q

excitation-concentration coupling

A

sequence of events in which a nerve impulse reaches the muscle membrane and leads to muscle shortening

90
Q

energy for muscular contraction comes from

A

breakdown of ATP by myosin ATPase

91
Q

what does troponin and tropomyosin regulate

A

muscular contraction by controlling interaction of actin and myosin

92
Q

transverse tubules

A

facilitates rapid signal transmission for synchronized muscle contraction

93
Q

motor end plate

A

pocket formed around motor neuron by sarcolemma

94
Q

neuromuscular cleft

A

short gap between neuron and muscle fiber

95
Q

muscle shortening (z line)

A

smaller

96
Q

muscle shortening (m line)

A

same

97
Q

muscle shortening (h zone)

A

disappears

98
Q

muscle shortening (a band)

A

same

99
Q

muscle shortening (I band)

A

smaller

100
Q

z line

A

seperates one sarcomere from another

101
Q

m line

A

buldge where myosin filaments are joined

102
Q

h zone

A

distance b/w 2 actin filaments

103
Q

a band

A

length of myosin

104
Q

I band

A

distance b/w myosin of 2 seperate sarcomeres

105
Q

sources of atp

A

phosphocreatine
glycolysis
oxidative phosphorolaytion

106
Q

thick filament

A

myosin

107
Q

thin filaments

A

actin
tropomyosin
troponin

KNS 480 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions