Textbook Multiple-Choice Questions Flashcards
In which locations do most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur?
a. Healthcare clinics
b. Homes
c. Recreational facilities
d. Shopping centers
b. Homes
Which is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?
a. Cardiac problem
b. Congenital or acquired heart defect
c. Respiratory failure or shock
d. Infection and sepsis
c. Respiratory failure or shock
What is the third link in the adult out-of-hospital Chain of Survival?
a. Advanced life support
b. High-quality CPR
c. Prevention
d. Rapid defibrillation
d. Rapid defibrillation
Which statement best describes sudden cardiac arrest?
a. When respiratory distress in adults occurs and the heart rate does not change
b. When the heart rate is 40 to 60/min and respirations increase
c. When blood flow to the heart is blocked and the heart rate increases
d. When an abnormal rhythm develops and the heart stops beating unexpectedly
d. When an abnormal rhythm develops and the heart stops beating unexpectedly
What are the three main components of CPR?
- Chest compressions
- Airway
- Breathing
What should you do if the adult victim is unresponsive, is not breathing normally but has a pulse?
1) Provide rescue breathing
2) Activate ERS
3) Continue rescue breathing and check pulse every 2 minutes
What could be the explanation behind an unresponsive victim that is not breathing but has a pulse? What is the treatment?
- Possible opioid overdose
- Naloxone
What are agonal gasps? When do they commonly occur?
- Looks like the individual is drawing air in very quickly
- Gasps may appear forceful or weak
- May be present ni the first few minutes after cardiac arrest
What are agonal gasps? When do they commonly occur?
- Looks like the individual is drawing air in very quickly
- Gasps may appear forceful or weak
- May be present ni the first few minutes after cardiac arrest
What is the function of chest recoil?
Allows blood to flow into the heart
What is the consequence of incomplete chest recoil?
- Reduces the filling of the heart between compressions
- Reduces the blood flow created by chest compressions
Which is the first action you should take in this situation?
a. Activate the emergency response system
b. Start high-quality CPR, beginning with chest compressions c. Start providing rescue breaths
d. Verify that the scene is safe for you and the victim
d. Verify that the scene is safe for you and the victim
The man doesn’t respond when you touch his shoulders and shout, “Are you OK?” What is your best next action?
a. Check his pulse
b. Start high-quality CPR
c. Start providing rescue breaths d. Shout for nearby help
d. Shout for nearby help
d. Shout for nearby help
Several rescuers respond, and you ask them to activate the emergency response and retrieve the AED and emergency equipment. As you check for a pulse and breathing, you notice that the man is gasping for air and making “snorting” sounds. You do not feel a pulse. What is your best next action?
a. Start high-quality CPR, beginning with chest compressions
b. Monitor the victim until additional, more experienced help arrives
c. Provide rescue breathing by delivering 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds
d. Find someone to help by retrieving the nearest AED
a. Start high-quality CPR, beginning with chest compressions
What is the ratio of chest compressions to breaths when providing CPR to an adult?
a. 10 compressions to 2 breaths
b. 15 compressions to 2 breaths
c. 30 compressions to 2 breaths
d. 100 compressions to 2 breaths
c. 30 compressions to 2 breaths
What are the rate and depth for chest compressions on an adult?
a. A rate of 60 to 80 compressions per minute and a depth of about 1 inch
b. A rate of 80 to 100 compressions per minute and a depth of about 11⁄2 inches c. A rate of 120 to 140 compressions per minute and a depth of about 21⁄2 inches
d. A rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute and a depth of at least 2 inches
d. A rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute and a depth of at least 2 inches
What action should you take when more rescuers arrive?
a. Assign tasks to other rescuers and rotate compressors every 2 minutes or more frequently to avoid fatigue
b. Continue CPR while the AED is attached even if you are fatigued
c. Wait for the most experienced rescuer to provide direction to the team
d. Direct the team to assign a team leader and roles while you continue CPR
a. Assign tasks to other rescuers and rotate compressors every 2 minutes or more frequently to avoid fatigue
If you suspect that an unresponsive victim has head or neck trauma, what is the preferred method for opening the airway?
a. Head tilt–chin lift
b. Jaw thrust
c. Head tilt–neck lift
d. Avoid opening the airway
b. Jaw thrust
Describe pulseless ventricular tachycardia.
- When the ventricles begin contracting at a very fast pace
- The ventricles pump so quickly and inefficiently that no pulse can be detected
Describe ventricular fibrillation.
The heart muscles quiver in a fast, unsynchronized way so the heart does not pump blood
What should you do prior to using an AED if the victim has a hairy chest?
Shave the area by using a razor
What should you do prior to using an AED if the victim is immersed in water?
- Remove the victim from the water
- Quickly wipe the chest before attaching the AED pads
What should you do prior to using an AED if the victim has an implanted defibrillator or pacemaker?
- If possible, avoid placing the AED pad directly over the implanted device
- Follow the normal steps for operating an AED
What should you do prior to using an AED if the victim has a transdermal medication patch?
- If it does not delay delivery, use protective gloves to remove the patch and wipe the area before attaching the AED pad
- The medication patch may block the transfer of energy from the AED pad to the heart and also cause small burns to the skin
What is the most appropriate first step to take as soon as the AED arrives at the victim’s side?
a. Power on the AED
b. Apply the pads
c. Press the analyze button
d. Press the shock button
a. Power on the AED
Which step is one of the universal steps for operating an AED?
a. Placing the pads on the victim’s bare chest
b. Shaving the victim’s hairy chest
c. Removing the victim from water
d. Finding the victim’s implanted pacemaker
a. Placing the pads on the victim’s bare chest
If a victim of cardiac arrest has an implanted pacemaker or defibrillator, what special steps should be taken?
a. Avoid placing the AED pad directly over the implanted device
b. Avoid using the AED to prevent damage to the implanted device
c. Turn off the implanted device before applying the AED pads
d. Consider using pediatric pads to decrease the shock dose delivered
a. Avoid placing the AED pad directly over the implanted device
What action should you take when the AED is analyzing the heart rhythm?
a. Check the pulse
b. Continue chest compressions
c. Give rescue breaths only
d. Stand clear of the victim
d. Stand clear of the victim
After performing high-quality CPR for 5 minutes, the team leader frequently interrupts chest compressions to check for a pulse even though the victim has no organized rhythm when the AED analyzes the rhythm. Which action demonstrates constructive intervention?
a. Ask another rescuer what he thinks should be done
b. Say nothing that contradicts the team leader
c. Suggest to resume chest compressions without delay
d. Wait until the debriefing session afterward to discuss it
c. Suggest to resume chest compressions without delay
The team leader asks you to perform bag-mask ventilation during a resuscitation attempt, but you have not perfected that skill. What would be an appropriate action to acknowledge your limitations?
a. Pick up the bag-mask device and give it to another team member
b. Pretend you did not hear the request and hope the team leader chooses someone else to do it
c. Tell the team leader that you are not comfortable performing that task
d. Try to do it as best you can and hope another team member will see you struggling and take over
c. Tell the team leader that you are not comfortable performing that task
What is the appropriate action to demonstrate closed-loop communication when the team leader assigns you a task?
a. Repeat back to the team leader the task you were assigned
b. Nod your head as an acknowledgment of the assigned task
c. Start performing the assigned tasks, but do not speak, to minimize noise
d. Wait for the team leader to address you by name before acknowledging the task
a. Repeat back to the team leader the task you were assigned
How do you perform a pulse check in an infant?
Palpate a brachial pulse