Textbook Concepts Flashcards
Biological Needs
food, water, oxygen, safety, rest, human stimulation
Examples of biological needs actions
- deliver tray and prepare meal
- provide drinks, encourage hydration
- escort for walks to ensure adequate exercise
What needs need to be met first?
biological needs
Therapeutic relationship
a relationship between an individual who suffers from a disability or discomfort (resident) and a practitioner (caregiver) who possesses a specific technical skill or knowledge and who occupies a recognized role
Modes of Transmission
- Contact Transmission
- Droplet Transmission
- Airborne Transmission
Favorable growth environments for microorganisms
-warmth
-moisture
-darkness
-oxygen
-food source
common infections in nursing homes
health care related infections
Contact Transmission
through contact with a person’s fluids (tears, saliva, respiratory secretions, perspiration, vomit urine, feces, vaginal fluid or semen)
Droplet Transmission
coughing, sneezing, talking, singing, laughing or spitting can transmit droplets a short distance from one person to another
Airborne Transmission
after leaving the body some germs can stay alive for some time and be transported in the air over greater distances
How can health care related infections spread?
- microorganisms can enter the body through equipment used in treatments, therapies, and diagnostic tests
- Staff can transfer germs from one resident to another if they do not follow infection control practices
Donning
putting on PPE
Donning steps
- gown
- mask
- gloves
Doffing
removing PPE
Doffing steps
- gloves
- gown
- mask
Physical restraints
-may be any manual method, physical or mechanical device, material or equipment
-is attached to or next to the resident’s body
-cannot be easily removed by resident
-restricts freedom of movement or access to one’s body
Chemical Restraints
-drugs used for discipline or staff convenience that prevent certain unwanted behaviors or movements
-not required for resident’s medical treatment
-affect resident’s physical and mental function
RACE
Remove (rescue)
Activate (alarm)
Contain
Extinguish (Evacuate)
Basic human rights of residents
- right to be treated with respect
- right to live in dignity
- right to pursue a meaningful life
- right to be free from fear
Abuse
-the willful infliction of injury, unreasonable confinement, intimidation, or punishment with resulting physical harm, pain, or mental anguish
-includes deprivation by an individual, including a caretaker
Physical abuse
-inflicting injury, unreasonable confinement or punishment that results in physical harm
-includes controlling behavior through corporal punishment
Verbal Abuse
-the use of oral, written or gestured language that willfully includes disparaging & derogatory terms to residents or their families, or within hearing distance, regardless of age, ability to comprehend, or disability
-includes threats of harm, saying things to frighten the resident, etc.
-ex. ignoring, name-calling, being treated as stupid, treating resident like a child, etc.
Mental Abuse
-mistreatment within the definition of “abuse” not resulting in physical harm, humiliation, harassment, threats of punishment, deprivation, or intimidation
-ex. threats of violence/abandonment, intentionally frightening, etc.
Sexual Abuse
sexual contact that results from threats, force or inability of person to give consent (assault, touching, rape, sexual harassment)
Involuntary Seclusion
-separation of resident from other residents or from their room or confinement to room against resident’s will
-ex. resident is acting out in dining room, so aid takes them to their room
unprofessional conduct in practice of his/her profession
-any licensed person who commits an act of abuse
-any licensed person who fails to report an act of abuse
Stopping abuse
- stop abuse
- protect resident from additional abuse
- report to supervisor
Failure to report abuse
-suspension and/or dismissal
-civil penalties
-legal ramifications
consequences of abuse
-immediate dismissal
-civil penalties
-name entered into nurse aide registry
respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs through…
inhalation
respiratory system gets rid of carbon dioxide through…
exhalation
Normal pulse range
60-100 bpm
normal temperature
97.6 degrees F - 99.6 degrees F
normal respirations
12-20 breaths/min
each inhalation =
1 inhalation and 1 exhalation
best method for taking temperature
rectally
temperature is not taken orally if:
- resident is unconscious
- has had surgery or an injury to face, neck, nose, mouth
- is using oxygen via facemask
- has a history of seizure disorder
how long should you wait to take a resident’s temperature if they just had something cold/hot to drink or has just smoked?
10-20 minutes
it is important every time to measure a resident’s weight:
- at the same time every day
- using the same scale
- with the resident wearing same type and amount of clothing
Types of pain
- Acute pain
- chronic pain
- radiating pain
- phantom pain
Body responses to pain
-increased pulse, respirations & BP
-sweating (diaphoresis)
-nausea
-vomiting
-pale skin (pallor)
behaviors regarding pain
-changes in speech: slow/rapid, loud/quiet
-crying
-gasping
-grimacing
-groaning
-grunting
-holding affected body part (splinting)
-irritability
-maintaining one position, refusing to move
-quietness
-restlessness
-rubbing
-screaming
Vital signs typically ________ with pain
increase
