Textbook 1143-1150

Question 1

Nixon & Kissinger (closest advisor) want to defuse CW by ______ w/ the Soviets +
Chinese

Answer 1

“coexisting”

Question 2

“Period of confrontation” → “era of _____” –Nixon

Answer 2

negotiation

Question 3

Term Nixon described withdraw from Vietnam

Answer 3

“peace w/ honor”

Question 4

Nixon & Kissinger Vietnam policy:

Answer 4

1. Withdrawal of VC from SV & preservation of Nguyen Thieu
2. “Vietnamization”
3. US bombing of NV increases

Question 5

Nixon/Kissinger Withdrawal policy 1:

Where were the US/NVM negotiations held?
Who had secret meetings with NVM?
Who was to be preserved as SVM leader?

Answer 5

Paris

Kissinger

Thieu

Question 6

Nixon/Kissinger Withdrawal policy 2 “________”:

reduce US troops in Vietnam & replace them w/ trained South Vietnamese troops

How did Nixon “buy time” as American troops left?

Answer 6

Vietnamization

Increased NV bombing

Question 7

What is Nixons draft lottery system?

Answer 7

Nixon makes a birthday draft lottery for 19 y/o men. # between 1-366. Low #s drafted first.

Lottery eliminated 4 yrs later, it became all volunteer. Defuses anti-war movement. Nixon’s rating rises.

“We got those liberal bastard on the run, and we’re gonna keep them on the run” –Nixon

Question 8

Nixon/Kissinger Withdrawal policy 3:

Bombing

who said “A 4th rate power like NV must have a breaking point”

who said “So obsessed w/ communism, I might use the nuclear button”

Where else does Nixon bomb? How many?

Answer 8

US bombing of NV increases.

“A 4th rate power like NV must have a breaking point” –Kissinger

“So obsessed w/ communism, I might use the nuclear button” –Nixon

14 mo bomb Cambodia. 4x bombs than dropped on Japan. Kissinger’s idea. Re-starts anti-war

Question 9

730 “fragging” incidents. Drug abuse: 4x hospitalized troops for drug than comabt

Question 10

News breaks of My Lai

Answer 10

ordered by Calley. 25 officers chared w/ complicity

Question 11

Secret Cambodia invasion→ protests. Kent State (Ohio): 13 hit

Answer 11

4 bystanders killed. 350+ schools demonstrate

Question 12

Neil Young makes “Ohio” – banned by governor (became more popular)

Question 13

Hwy patrol kill 2 anti war students in dorm @ Jackson State

Question 14

NYC “hard hat” construction workers: “America

Answer 14

love it or leave it” “Thank god” -nixon

Question 15

NYT publishes “History of US decisions of Vietnam Policy” a secret defense dept. by McNamara

Question 16

“Pentagon Papers” leaked by Ellsberg (former def. Dept official) Gulf of Tonkin inaccurate

Question 17

At start of war

Answer 17

Johnson plans to send troops after promising not to

Question 18

Nixons papers leaked (6 to 3 vote by SC)

Question 21

Kissinger private meeting w/ NV. Removal of NV troops in SV before withdrawal of last US troops

Question 22

“Peace is at hand” → ploy to get votes. Theiu (SV) rejects cease fire → xmas bombings

Question 23

Christmas bombing of Hanoi and Haiphong + harbor mining

Question 24

Paris Peace Accords (1973) NV keeps 150k troops in SV. What changed was SV assuming US would respond w/ “full force” if NV attacked.

Question 25

20k Americans die during Nixon’s term

Answer 25

fighting in Vietnam/Cambodia breaks out again

Question 28

600 US POW released from Hanoi. Cease fire ends. Cambodia (“Khmer Republic” after 1970 coup)

Question 29

1975: NV full out invasion of SV. Thieu begs US (promised in Paris Accords)

Answer 29

congress refuses. Thieu resigned and goes to Taiwan

Question 30

NV wins. Saigon → Ho Chi Minh City. 2 million die. 600k NV soldiers. 240k SV soldiers. 500k refugees in the US. 58k Americans die. 100k lose limbs. US: $699 BILLION spent.

Question 31

Average age is 19 (26 in WW2).