Tetrapod Radiation And Amniotes

Question 1

Vertebrate Terrestrialization

Answer 1

Evolution of fish to tetrapods

Question 2

Tetrapods diverged from…

Answer 2

lobe finned sarcopterygians

Question 3

Tetrapods Advantages In Shallow Marine Environments

Answer 3

-Ability to use limbs to walk on bottom or in water.
- requires less energy than swimming.
- Shallow water presence meant fewer predators on tetrapod young.

Question 4

Gas Bladder

Answer 4

• Elongated sac filled with gas thats connected to the digestive tract.
• Function in breathing

Question 5

Swim Bladder

Answer 5

Functions in buoyancy control

Question 6

Dual Pump (Two Phase Breathing)

Answer 6

1.) Mouth open, opercula (gill cover) closed, buccal cavity expands, opercula expands.
2.) Mouth closed, opercula opens, buccal cavity contracts, opercula contracts.

Question 7

Swim Bladder VS Lungs

Answer 7

• Swim bladder usually DORSAL to the digestive tract (lungs = ventral)
• Swim bladders usually SINGLE (lungs = paired)
• Direction of circulation to heart differs.

Question 8

Lung Size

Answer 8

• Tetrapods with slender bodies one lobe might be reduced in size.
• Snakes only have one lung lobe present.

Question 9

What Is Buccal Breathing?

Answer 9

• Mouth/ buccal cavity is the major mechanical component.
• mouth open, buccal cavity expand (brings water/ air in).
• Mouth closed, opercula open, buccal cavity contracts, opercula cavity contracts (pushes air/ water further down).

Question 10

Lung Evolution

Answer 10

• Evolved 430 MYA
• about 50 years before movement to land.
• Low oxygen levels
• supplement gills

Question 11

Terrestrialization

Answer 11

• Adaptations allowing organism to live and sustain on land

Question 12

What Came Before Humans?

Answer 12

• Bacteria
• Plants
• Invertebrates

Question 13

Three Important Orders In Early Tetrapods:

Answer 13

1. Icthyostega
2. Temnospondyls
3. Anthracosaur