Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)

Question 1

Main features of ToF

Answer 1

1. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
2. Pulmonary stenosis
3. Right ventricular hypertrophy
4. Overriding aorta

Question 1

What is a ventricular septal defect (VSD)?

Answer 1

a hole between the left and right ventricles

Question 2

What is pulmonary stenosis?

Answer 2

Narrowing of the pulmonary artery

Question 3

What is right ventricular hypertrophy?

Answer 3

enlargement of the right ventricle

Question 4

What is the overriding aorta?

Answer 4

the aorta is positioned above both ventricles

Question 5

What causes a boot-shaped heart to appear?

Answer 5

Caused by right ventricular hypertrophy due to the heart working harder to pump blood through the narrowed pulmonary artery

Question 6

Symptoms of ToF

Answer 6

Cyanosis (blue skin), difficulty feeding, failure to thrive

Question 7

Treatment of ToF

Answer 7

Surgical correction is usually in early childhood

Question 8

Family role in ToF

Answer 8

1. Monitor for signs of hypoxia
   = blue lips, nails
2. Post-surgery care and support
3. Emotional and financial support for the family.

Question 9

How to diagnose ToF

Answer 9

Echocardiogram, chest X-ray (boot-shaped heart)

Question 10

Most common rhythm disturbance in children is what bitch?

Answer 10

Supraventricular Tachycardia