Normal Child development Flashcards
Month of children who can vocalise
3
Month of children who can babble
6
Month of children who can imitate sounds
9
Month of children who knows their own name
12
Month of a child who knows 2 body parts/ 5-20 words
18
Month of children who can follow simple instructions/ speak 50 words
24
Month of children who can follow complex instructions or ask questions
36
Month of children who can tell stories of their own experiences
48
Month of a child who has a social smile
6 weeks/ 1.5 months
Month of a child who has pleasure on friendly handling
3
Month of a child who plays with feet/ friendly with strangers
6
The month of a child who plays peekaboo and has stranger awareness
9
Month of a child who drinks from cups and waves goodbye
12
Month of a child who feeds with spoon
18
Month of a child who can put on their own clothes/ symbolic play
24
The month of a child who is toilet trained and does pretend play
36
Month of a child who understands turn-taking and can dress fully
48
What is the average month that babies Start walking?
12 months - up to 18 months
What is a developmental milestone?
A key stage when a new skill is developed
What is the median age about developmental milestones?
The age when 50% of children have achieved a skill
What is the limit age for developmental milestones?
The age by which 97.5% of children should have acquired the skill
Why do primitive motor reflexes need to be lost?
To allow the development of voluntary movement
Which primitive reflex helps a baby latch during breastfeeding?
The sucking and rooting reflex
What does the plantar grasp reflex involve?
The baby curls their toes when the sole of their foot is touched
What does the palmar grasp reflex involve?
The baby grasps an object placed in their hand
Describe the Moro reflex
When the baby’s head falls back suddenly, they respond by extending and then flexing their arms as if grasping
What is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)?
(1) When the baby’s head turns to one side
(2) The limbs on that side extend while the opposite limbs flex
(3) Helping with stability
What might it indicate if primitive reflexes persist beyond the expected age?
Possible neurological impairment or developmental delay
What are the milestones at 6 months?
Gross motor
1. Lying on abdomen, arms extended
2. Lying on back, lifts and grasps feet
3. Pulls self to sitting
4. Held sitting, back straight
5. Rolls front to back
Fine motor and vision
1. Holds in palmar grasp
2. Pass objects from one hand to another
3. Visually insatiable, looking around in every direction
What are the milestones at 3 months?
Gross motor
1. Little or no head lag on being pulled to sit
- Lying on abdomen, good head control
- Held sitting, lumbar curve
What are the milestones at 7-8 months?
Gross motor
1. Sits without support (Refer at 12 months)
What are the milestones at 9 months?
Gross motor
1. Pulls to standing
2. Crawls
Speech + hearing
Says ‘mama’ and ‘dada’
Understands ‘no’
Fine motor + vision
1. Points with finger
2. Early pincer
What are the milestones at 12 months?
Gross motor
1. Cruises
2. Walks with one hand held
Speech + hearing
Knows and responds to own name
What are the milestones at 13-15 months?
Gross motor
1. Walks unsupported (Refer at 18 months)
Speech + Hearing
1. Knows about 2-6 words (Refer at 18 months)
- Understands simple commands - ‘give it to mummy’
Fine motor + vision
1. Good pincer grip
2. Bangs toys together
What are the milestones at 18 months?
Gross motor
1. Squats to pick up a toy
What are the milestones at 24 months/ 2 years?
Gross motor
1. Runs
- Walks upstairs and downstairs holding onto the rail
Speech + hearing
1. Combine two words
Points to parts of the body
What are the milestones at 36 months/ 3 years?
Gross motor
1. Rides a tricycle using pedals
- Walks upstairs without holding onto the rail
Speech + Hearing
1. Asks ‘what’ and ‘who’ questions
2. Identifies colours
3. Counts to 10
What are the milestones at 48 months/ 4 years?
Gross motor
1. Hops on one leg
Speech + hearing
1. Asks ‘why’, ‘when’ and ‘how’ questions
You are reviewing an 11-month-old baby with a viral upper respiratory tract infection. She is clinically well but at the end of the consultation, her mother asks you about her development. You notice that she points and babbles ‘mama’ and ‘dada’ but has no other words. She is shy and cries when you try to examine her.
There is an early pincer grip and she can roll from front to back but she cannot yet sit without support. How would you describe her development?
Isolated delay in gross motor skills
At what age would the average child acquire the ability to crawl?
9 months
Hand preference before 12 months means what?
abnormal and may indicate cerebral palsy
A mother presents with her baby to the GP for review. She asks for advice regarding her milestones and explains that her son was born prematurely at 32 weeks gestation.
With the premature age in mind, when should this baby begin to show a responsive social smile?
14 to 16 weeks
= 6 to 8 weeks is the normal age when a child should show a responsive smile. The reference range of the corrected age is 40 weeks. In this case, the baby was born at 32 weeks gestation which means 8 weeks have to be backdated
At what age would the average child start to play alongside, but not interact with, other children?
2 years
A mother brings her child as she is concerned he is clumsy compared to other similar aged children. At what age would the average child acquire a good pincer grip?
12 months
no smile or speech red flag time
10 months
Not reaching for object red flag time
6 months
cannot sit unsupported & has preferential use of one hand red flag time
before 12 months
= suggest cerebral palsy
Cannot walk red flag time
18 months
Sits without support, with a straight back
7-8 months
When should a child begin to run?
16 months - 2 years
Responds to their own name
9-12 months
Talk in short sentences (e.g. 3-5 words)
2.5 - 3 years
Vocabulary of 2-6 words
12-18 months
Little or no head lag on being pulled to sit
3 months
Walks unsupported
12-15 months
Crawls
8-10 months
At what age would the average child acquire the ability to sit without support?
6-8 months
Palmar grasp
5-6 months
Draws a circle
3 years
Tower of 3-4 blocks
18 months
A 6-month-old boy is brought to their GP due to family concerns over the child’s development. They were born at term via vaginal delivery, with no complications. The child is otherwise well, with no past medical history.
What developmental marker would be most expected in this child?
hold objects with palmar grasp, and pass objects from one hand to another
Pulls to standing
8-10 months
At what age would the average child acquire the ability to crawl?
9 months
A mother brings her 9-month-old child to surgery. She is concerned he is not developing normally and is ‘falling behind’ the children of her friends. Whilst observing the child you notice he sits without support but makes little effort to move around the room. He has a crude pincer grip, appears shy when you try to interact and says ‘mama’ but little else. What is the most accurate description of his development?
Normal development
Uses two or more words to make simple phrases
20-24 months
Talks constantly in 3-4 word sentences
2.5 to 3 years
Knows 6-10 words with meaning
18 months
Shows two parts of the body
18 months
Continent of urine during day
2 years
Symbolic play
8-24 months
Parallel play - interacts with others and starts to take turns
2.5 to 3 years
Holds spoon and uses it to get food to mouth
18 months
A mother is worried that her daughter’s development may be delayed. On assessment, the doctor reports the following:
The child can follow commands and respond to conversation in 3 or sometimes 4-word sentences.
She responds when asked that her favourite colour is purple. She is not able to name any other colours.
Her mother reports that she has a vocabulary of approximately 200 words
She is unable to count to 10.
If the child’s development were normal, how old are they most likely to be?
3 years
A newborn is noted to have an intermittent squint at the newborn baby check
What is the most appropriate management?
Refer if still present at 8 weeks
At age 18 months, the infant should have a vocabulary of what?
6 - 10 words
At what age would you expect the Moro reflex to have disappeared by?
3-4 months
persist until 6 months
97.5% of children will be able to sit unsupported by the age of what?
9 months
When is it a ‘red flag’ feature if he is not producing single words?
18 months
Development of fine motor skills relies on what?
vision
An 11-month-old baby has a routine check-up with the health visitor. His parents are concerned because he has not yet started walking. They are wondering if there are any issues with his development
At what age will a child typically be able to start walking unassisted?
13 months
Turns head towards loud sounds is seen at what stage
6 months
