Tests in epidemiology and clinical medicine Flashcards
how are rates different than proportions?
- a multiplier is used for rates
2. rates have a time component
definition: crude mortality rate
number of death in a given geography over a given year divided by the total population of the geography during the same year
definition: specific mortality
relates to specific populations within the geographical region (ex gender specific, race specific, age specific)
definition: morbidity rates
number of individuals who develop a disease in a given period of time at a given geography divided by the total population of the geography over the given time period
what defines the prevalence of a disease?
morbidity rate
experimental event rate (EER) and control event rate (CER) measure the relationship between what types of variables?
two quantitative variables
absolute risk reduction (ARR), number needed to treat (NNT), and relative risk reduction (RRT) measure the relationship between what types of variables?
two qualitative variables
definition: absolute risk reduction
reduction in risk (by the experiment) compared with baseline risk
definition: number needed to treat
the number needed to treat in order to prevent one event
definition: relative risk reduction
the ratio of the incidence of a disease in people who are exposed to a risk to the incidence in people without exposure to risk
relative risk reduction is usually used in which study type?
cohort studies
definition: odds ratio
odds that a person with the disease is exposed to a potential cause of the disease relative to the odds of a person without the disease being exposed to the potential cause
odds ratio is usually used in which study type?
case/control studies
making an inference on RR and OR is made possible by using what?
normal distribution
