Medical Literature Flashcards
what are the emphases of EBM?
- best evidence
- clinical expertise
- patient values
- patient circumstances
what are the basic steps in EBM?
- ask answerable questions
- search for best evidence
- critical appraisal for validity and relevance
- integrate evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values / preferences and APPLY
- evaluate results
what are the three modes by which clinicians incorporate evidence?
- doing
- using
- replicating
which basic steps of EBM constitute the “doing mode”?
at least 1 - 4
- ask answerable questions
- search for best evidence
- critical appraisal for validity and relevance
- integrate evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values / preferences and APPLY
what constitutes the “using mode” of EBM?
restricting searches to sources that have already been critically appraised
which “mode” of EBM is useful in problems that are not commonly seen?
using mode
which “mode” of EBM allows clinicians to skip the critical appraisal step?
using mode
UpToDate and DynaMed are examples of which “mode” of EBM?
using mode
what constitutes the “replicating mode” of EBM?
following the opinions of recognized experts regarding very rare entities
what are the main elements of the first step of EBM (asking answerable questions)?
PICO
patient or problem
intervention
comparison intervention
outcome
what is the basis for evidence based clinical practice?
asking truly answerable questions
what are “background” questions?
seek general knowledge (who, what, when, where, why)
what are “foreground” questions?
seek specific knowledge for patient management
what constitutes “best evidence”?
- current, valid, clinically relevant
2. patient-centered, clinically oriented research
what is the hierarchy of study reliability?
- systemic review
- RCT
- prospective studies
- cross sectional
- case series
- case report
