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year 3 LIC > tests > Flashcards

tests Flashcards

1
Q

anti-mitochondrial antibodies

increased IgM

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

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2
Q

anti smooth muscle
pANCA
ANA

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis

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3
Q

type 1 (both adults and children):
anti smooth muscle
ANA

type 2 (children only):
anti liver kidney microsomal (LKMA)
type 3 (middle-aged adults):
Soluble liver-kidney antigen

all IgG

A

autoimune hepatitis

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4
Q

fecal calprotectin

A

IBD

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5
Q

Wilson’s disease

A

reduces caeroplasmin
reduced total serum copper
increased 24hr urinary copper

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6
Q

alpha-fetoprotein

A

raised AFP in HCC

testicular Ca

fetal screening: raised in Downs, decreased in neural defects/ abdominal wall defects/ multiple pregnancies

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7
Q

increased ALP alone

A

boney mets
vit D def
recent bone fracture
renal osteodystrophy (constellation of musculoskeletal abnormalities that occur in patients with chronic renal failure)

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8
Q

auto-double stranded DNA antibodies

A

specific for SLE

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9
Q

antinuclear antibodies

A

seen in a range of conditions, including SLE and AI hepatitis

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10
Q

fetal fibronectin

A

rule out preterm labour. if positive, increased risk of premature labour

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11
Q

fecal elastase

A

pancreatic function. i.e Ix exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)

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12
Q

testicular Ca

A

AFP - alpha fetalprotein
HCG - human chorionic gonadotrophin
PLAP - placental alkaline phosphate
LDH - lactate dehydrogenase

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13
Q

CEA

A

carcinoembryonic antigen - used to check how well Rx is working in bowel Ca

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14
Q

CA19-9

A

tumour marker for pancreatic Ca

cholangiocarcinoma

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15
Q

anti-GAD
anti-IA2
anti-ZnT8

A

T1DM

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16
Q

short synactin test

A

addison’s

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17
Q

anti-TPS

anti-Tg

A

hashimotos

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18
Q

anti-TSH

A

Graves disease

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19
Q

CA15-3

A

breast

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20
Q

reverse warfarin

A

vit K

+ prothrombin complex concentrate to reverse anticoag effect of warfarin

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21
Q

hep B viral markers

A

Surface antigen (HBsAg) – active infection

E antigen (HBeAg) – marker of viral replication and implies high infectivity

Core antibodies (HBcAb) – implies past or current infection

Surface antibody (HBsAb) – implies vaccination or past or current infection

Hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) – this is a direct count of the viral load

(IgM is acute infection and IgG is previous infection, remains for life)

22
Q

HBsAg >6months

A

defines chronic hep B infection. occurs in <10% of cases

23
Q

thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT)

A

activity to be checked before staring azithioprine for Crohns disease. enzyme involved in the breakdown

24
Q

haematochromatosis

A

transferrin saturation > 55% in men or > 50% in women
raised ferritin (e.g. > 500 ug/l) and iron
low TIBC

25
Q

2month baby with pyloric stenosis. what is the ABG?

A

hypochloraemic, hypokalaemic alkalosis

26
Q

voltage gated calcium channel antibodies

A

lambert-eaton syndrome (weakness improves after exercise unlike MG)

27
Q

treatment of prostatitis?

A

fluroquinalone (ciprofloxacin) for 14days . consider testing for STI

28
Q

PEFR in obstructive and restrictive lung disease

A

reduced in obstructive and normal in restrictive

29
Q

paraneoplastic syndromes of common lung ca’s

A

sclc:
ADH –> hyponataemia
ACTH –> cushings. hypokalaemic alkalosis (bilateral adrenal hyperplasia)
Lamber-eaton syndrome

adenocardcinoma:
gynocamastia
hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA)

squamous cell
PTH --> hypercalcaemia
HPOA 
clubbing
TSH --> hyperthyroid

large cell:
may secrete B-hcg

30
Q

centor score

A

presence of tonsillar exudate
tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy or lymphadenitis
history of fever
absence of cough

score of 3 or 4 present there is a 40-60% chance the sore throat is caused by Group A beta-haemolytic Streptococcus

31
Q

diagnosis for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

high resolution CT

32
Q

CRP and d-dimer post-op

A

would be raised post-operatively

33
Q

sarcoidosis

A

serum ACE is raised
serum calcium raised
soluble IL-2 raised
CRP and immunoglobulins also raised

CXR (hilar lymphadenopathy)
high resolution CT (pulmonary nodules)
MRI (CNS involvement)
PET (active areas of inflammation)

GOLD STANDARD is histology!! will show non-caseating granulomas with epithelioid cells’

34
Q

mesothelioma

A

gold standard is histology, followed by thoracoscopic biopsy

35
Q

occupational asthma

A

serial peak flows at home and at work

36
Q

Kussmaul sign

A

JVP increases with inspiration. feature of constrictive pericarditis (calcification of pericardium). The JVP should fall with inspiration due to reducing pressure in the thoracic cavity

37
Q

investigation for necrotising zing enterocolitis in baby

A

abdo XR

38
Q

test for seratonin syndrome (think with facial flushing/diarrhoea in carcinoid tumour)

A

24 hr urine 5-HIAA

39
Q

T1DM

A

fasting plasma glucose

40
Q

diagnose hirshsprungs

A

rectal biopsy

41
Q

blood work indicating upper GI bleed

A

raised urea
normal creatine
normocytic anaemia

(look for clues i.e taking nsaid)

42
Q

anti-centromere antibodies

A

limited cutaneous scleroisis

43
Q

scl-70

A

associated with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis

44
Q

anti-cardiolipin antibodies

A

anti-phospholipid syndrome

45
Q

anti-ro and la

A

sjogrens syndrome

46
Q

cotton wool spots on skull

A

pagets disease

47
Q

isolated ALP

A

paget’s disease

48
Q

vasculitis that can be hep b positive

A

polyarteritis nodosa

49
Q

SLE

A

most specific test (good for ruling IN) is anti-dsDNA. if asking for most sensitive (good for ruling OUT) then the answer is ANA!!!

99% are ANA positive: this high sensitivity makes it a useful rule out test, but it has low specificity

20% are rheumatoid factor positive

anti-dsDNA: highly specific (> 99%), but less sensitive (70%)

anti-Smith: highly specific (> 99%), sensitivity (30%)

also: anti-U1 RNP, SS-A (anti-Ro) and SS-B (anti-La)

50
Q

someone on an immunosuppresant for i.e. UC develops sore throat, rigors and fever

A

FBC!! medications (Aminosalicylates e.g. sulphasalazine or mesalazine) can cause agranulocytosis

year 3 LIC (12 decks)

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