Tests

Question 1

Blood
PH <= 11 months

Answer 1

7.18-7.51

Question 2

Blood
PH >= 1 year

Answer 2

7.35-7.45

Question 3

Blood
pCO2 <= 11 months

Answer 3

3.6-5.5

Question 4

Blood
pCO2 >= 1 year

Answer 4

4.3-6.4

Question 5

Blood
CRP

Answer 5

0.3-5

Question 6

Blood Glucose

Answer 6

4-7

Question 7

Blood Lactate

Answer 7

< 2

Question 8

Blood Potassium

Answer 8

3.5-5

Question 9

Blood Sodium

Answer 9

135-145

Question 10

Blood Bicarbonate

Answer 10

19-28

Question 11

Normal Urine SG (specific gravity)

Answer 11

1.005-1.030

Question 12

Abnormal Urine SG

Answer 12

< 1.005 = diabetes, fluid overload
> 1.030 = dehydration, glycosuria

Question 13

Normal Urine PH

Answer 13

6

Question 14

Abnormal Urine PH

Answer 14

Higher alkaline Ph = old sample, vegetarian, UTI, aspirin poisoning.

Lower acidic PH = metabolic/respiratory acidosis, diarrhoea, DKA, high protein diet, malabsorption

Question 15

Nitrites?

Question 16

Urine Leucocytes

Answer 16

+ results correlates with pyuria, however pyuria does not necessarily indicate a UTI.

Question 17

Urine Blood

Answer 17

False negative possible if specific gravity is < 1007, significant haematuria is defined as ≥ 10 red blood cells.

Question 18

Normal Urine Protein

Answer 18

≤ 150mg/24 hours or 10mg/100mL
-in nephrotic syndrome >3.5g/day is excreted

Question 19

Abnormal Urine Protein

Answer 19

False Positive: Concentrated or alkaline urine (pH >7.5)
False Negative: Dilute urine or acidic urine (pH <5

Question 20

Normal Ketones

Answer 20

When glucose is present at the same time in the urine, diabetic ketoacidosis is the likely diagnosis. Not normally found in urine as usually completely metabolised.

Question 21

Abnormal Ketones

Answer 21

Starvation states, >=++