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1
Q

What are Kipps aparatus used for

A

used for preparation of gases(hydrogen)

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2
Q

flume cupboard

A

produces poisonous gas

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3
Q

Hoffman Voltameter

A

used in electrolysis of water to produce oxygen + hydrogen

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4
Q

caloriemeter

A

measure heat change

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4
Q

desiccators

A

drying various substances

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4
Q

what are the trapping reagents to remove oxygen?

A

heated copper
alkaline pyrogallol

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5
Q

what are the trapping reagents to remove CO2?

A

NaOH

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6
Q

what are the trapping reagents to remove SO2?

A

KOH

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7
Q

what are the trapping reagents to remove WATER?

A

Cao.
H2SO4
CaCL2

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8
Q

What substance is yellow when hot and white when cold

A

Zn2+

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9
Q

What substance is yellow when cold and red/brown when hot

A

PB2+
lead (II)

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10
Q

FLAME TEST FOR
Pb2+
K+
Ca2+
Cu2+
Na+
Ba2+

A

blue
lilac/violet
brick red
blu-ish green
golden yellow
light green

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11
Q

Cation test:NaOH in drops/ in excess
Pb
Al
Zn
Ca
Fe2+
Fe3+
Cu2+
Nh4

A

white ppt/soluble
white ppt/soluble
white ppt/soluble
white ppt/insoluble
green ppt/insoluble
reddish brown ppt/insoluble
blue ppt/insoluble
no ppt

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12
Q

Cation test:NH3 in drops/ in excess
Pb
Al
Zn
Ca
Fe2+
Fe3+
Cu2+

A

white ppt/insoluble
white ppt/insoluble
white ppt/soluble
No ppt
green ppt/insoluble
reddish brown ppt/insoluble
blue ppt/soluble

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13
Q

test for C02 w/ reaction

A

Dilute HCL-: effervescence, colourless/odourless
-turns limewater milky

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14
Q

S02

A

burning matches smell
-turns acidified KMnO4 FROM PURPLE TO COLOURLESS
TURNS CR207 FROM ORANGE TO GREEN

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15
Q

test for OXIDISING AGENT

A

when H2S IS BUBBLED THROUGH AN UNKWOWN SOLUTION, A YELLOW DEPOSIT IS SEEN- IT IS AN OXIDISING AGENT.

FECL2-WHEN ADDED TO UNKNOWN SOLUTION, IF TURNS FROM GREEN TO RED/BROWN IT IS AN OXIDISING AGENT

To test for the presence of an oxidizing agent, we add acidified KI and observe if there is a colour change from colourless to brown.

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16
Q

HCL

A

fumef with moist air
forms a dense white fume when mixed w/ Nh4
turns blue litmus red

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17
Q

TESTS FOR REDUCING AGENTS

A

Kmn04 Purple to colourless
K2Cr07 orange to green

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18
Q

cl-

A

green-yellow gas
turns blue litmus red
starch iodide blue

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19
Q

SO2

A

Burning matches smell

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20
Q

test solution+feSo4 + conc H2SO4
Brown ring is formed

A

NO3

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21
Q

Preparation of Hydrogen + properties

A

Lab prep:displacement from dilute acid/water by metal
Industrial:Bosch process/electrolysis/action of steam on coke

colourless/ odourless/ neutral

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22
Q

Preparation of oxygen+properties

A

lab:
2kClO3=h20+02. (heat+ Mn02)
H202=h20+02(Mn02)

industrial process: fractional distillation of air,electrolysis of water, remove C02 FROM AIR USING CAUSTIC SODA

colourless/ odourless/ neutral

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23
Q

Preparation of Chlorine+ properties

A

lab: Mn02+Hcl/ Mn04+ Hcl
industrial: Electrolysis of conc NaCl(brine)/ hooker cell

-green or yellow/ chocking+irritating smell/ acidic

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24
Q

Preparation of N2+ properties

A

NaN02+NNh4CL=NH4NO2 +2H20
NH4No2=N2+ 2H20

industrial - fractional distillation of air

colourless/ odourless/ neutral

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25
Q

Preparation of Hydrogen sulfide+ properties

A

lab: dilute acide+ FeS in KIpps apparatus
-colourless/ rotten egg smell/ acidic

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26
Q

Preparation of Nh3

A

industrial: haber process
lab: slaked lime+ ammonium chloride

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27
Q

Preparation of S02+properties

A

Lab: heating Na2So4 w/ acid
-heating conc h2so4 w/ copper

industrial: burning sulfur in 02

-colourless/ burning matches/ acidic

28
Q

Preparation of CO2+properties

A

LAB: action of dilute CaCO3 in a Kipps apparatus
thermal decomposition of metallic CO3 EXCEPT Na/K

Industrial: product of fermentation/when lime water is heated

-colourless/ odourless/ acidic

29
Q

prep of NO2/N20

A

LAB:thermal decomp of lead trioxonitrate(V)
-red/brown/pugent smell/acidic

LAB:thermal decomp of Ammonium trioxonitrate(v)
-colourless/ faint or pleasant but sickly smell/ neutral

30
Q

prep of HCL+ properties

A

H2SO4+NaCl
-colourless/ chocking+irritating smell/ acidic

31
Q

if a gas is insoluble in water, how can it be collected

A

can be collected over water

32
Q

downward delivery

A

-S02, H2S, HCL, CL2, CO2
-DENSER THAN AIR
-UPWARD DISPLACEMENT OF AIR

33
Q

UPWARD DELIVERY

A

-NH3, dry sample of H2
-LESS DENSE THAN AIR
-DONWARD DISPLACEMENT OF AIR

34
Q

How is. air that is similar density to air collected

A

-over mecuryy

35
Q

uses of H2

A

-filling balloons, hardening oils, manufacture of NH3, hydrogen bombs

36
Q

02

A

rekindles glowinng spliny

37
Q

uses of CL2

A

GERMICIDE, BLEACHING AGENT, MAKING ORGANIC SOLVENTS

38
Q

H2S

A

rotten egg smell
lead ethanoate black

39
Q

USES OF NO2/N20/SO2

A

-MAKING HNO3
-MILD ANESTHETICS IN SURGERY
-MAKING H2SO4, DESTROYING TERMITIES, BLEACHING AGENTS, PRESERVATIVES

40
Q

USES OF CO2/SO3/NH3/HCL

A

-FIRE EXTENNGUISHERS/ GIVES REFRESHING TASTE FOR SOFT DRINKS

-MAKING EXPLOSIVES+H2SO4

-FERTILIZES/REFRIGERANT/ REMOVES TEMP HARDNESS, MAKING Na2CO3

-MAKING HYDROCHLORIC ACID

41
Q

USES OF H2SO4

A

-ELECTROLYTE IN LEAD ACID ACCUMULATOR
-DRYING+ DEHYDRATING AGENTS
-REMOVING RUST
MAKING DYES/DETERGENTS/ DRUGS

42
Q

DIAMOND PROPERTIES

A

-Octahedral, 3d lattice, transparent,
-non conductors
-hard. substances
-inert

43
Q

graphite

A

-hexagonal, 2d lattice, black, opaquee
-soft+slippery
-used to slow down electrons

44
Q

3 methods of extraction-nature

A

1) electrolytic reduction: chloride,hydroxide/oxide ore
-very reactive metals K,NA,CA,MG,AL

2)Chemical :trioxocarbonate (iv) oxide +. sulphide ore
-moderately reactive elements:Zn, Fe, Sn,Pb

3)thermal:sulphide ore
-least reactive elements: Hg,Pt

45
Q

how is sodium extracted

A

-down cell
-ore:Nacl/rock salt
cathode/anode:steel/graphite
-CaCl is. added to reduce melting point of NaCl

46
Q

how is calcium extracted

A

ORE:CaCl2
CATHODE/ANODE:iron/graphite
CaF is added to lower melting point

47
Q

how is Mg extracted

A

ORE:MgCl2
CATHODE/ANODE:iron/carbon
KCl/NaCl is added to lower melting point

48
Q

how is AL extracted

A

-hall cell
ORE:bauxite
CATHODE/ANODE:graphite/graphite
bauxite is purified w/NaOH

49
Q

NaOH. +Ca0

A

=soda lime
used to make alkane

50
Q

Duralumin properties

A

base metal: AL
additives:Cu, Mg, Mn
property:very light but stronnger thann Al
uses:aircraft construction

51
Q

Steel

A

base metal:Fe
additives:C
property:harder + more malleable
uses:bridges, cars, ships

52
Q

stainless steel

A

base metal:Fe
additives:Cr Ni
property:haard,resistance to rust, attractive
uses:cutery,tools,surgical istrumennts

53
Q

bronze

A

base metal:Cu
additives:Sn
property:more attractive+ workable
uses:scupltures, coins, medals

54
Q

brass

A

base metal:Cu
additives:zn
property:more attractive, workable+ low melting point
uses:ornaments, musical instruments, machine parts

55
Q

Type Metal

A

base metal:Pb
additives:Sb(antimony), Sn
property:low melting point+ tough
uses:printing

56
Q

Soft Holder

A

base metal:Pb
additives:Sn
property:high tensile strength, low m.p
uses:plumbing+welding

57
Q

Alnico

A

base metal:Fe/Ni
additives:Al, Co
property:strongly metallic
uses:permanent magnet

58
Q

Permallory

A

base metal:Ni
additives:Fe
property:strongly magnetized by electricity
uses:electromagnet

59
Q

does oxygen/copper react w/ water orsteam

A

no

60
Q

what process creates Na2C03

A

Solvay

61
Q

describe ostwald’s process

A

catalyst:Platium/rhodium
product:HNO3

62
Q

WHAT IS THE HALL PROCESS USED FOR?

A

ELECTROLYTIC EXTRACTION OF Al

63
Q

describe bosch process

A

CATALYST:Iron (III) oxide/chromium (III) oxide

product:H2

64
Q

which trioxocarbonates dont decompose when heated

A

k2CO3, BA,NA

65
Q

test to differ btw acetylene + ethylene/ethene

A

Acetylene reacts with ammoniacal AgNO3 solution to form a white precipitate of silver acetylide (AgC-=Cag) but ethylene does not

66
Q

drying agents

A

silica gel-all
h2SO4- all but Nh3/H2S
P205/P410-ALL GASES EXCEPT NH3
Cacl2-all but nh3
CaO-ammonia

67
Q

thermal decomp
nitrate
metal carbonate/hydroxide

A

nitrate(N03) TO NITRITE(NO2)
metal carbonate-metal oxide + Co2
metal hydroxide-metal oxide+ water

68
Q

nh3 gas

A

pungent smell
red litmus-blue
forms white ppt wyd/ conc hcl

chem jamb (3 decks)

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