Testis/Penis pathology

Question 1

causes of scrotal swelling

Answer 1

Non-testicular - Hernia, haematocoele , epididymis, haematocoele
Testicular - non-neopalstic, neoplastic

Question 2

Types of germ cell tumours

Answer 2

Seminona, non seminoma - teratoma, yolk sac tumour, choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcnioma

Question 3

macroscopic and microscopic appearance of GCTs

Answer 3

Seminoma - homogenous cream, granular necrosis micro - large nuclous
Teratoma - cartilage, cystss, cream grey necrotic areas - lots of cells

Question 4

spread, prognosis and management of GCTs

Answer 4

Tumour markers - HCG - teratomas, AFP - yolk sac tumours
managemnet - seminoma - radiotherapy, chemotehrapy
NSGCT - examination, cje,otjerapy and intesne survalience

Question 5

Carcinoma of penis - causes

Answer 5

squamous cell carcinoma - elderly men, circumcision protective

Question 6

Intratubular germ cell neoplasia - caused by

Answer 6

Can increase risk if have cryptocgidism, gonadal dysensis

-Big abnormal clear cells

Question 7

Diagnosis

Answer 7

clinical examinaiton, ultrasound to confirem, pathological examination
Staging -xray , ct scan , serum tumoru markers