Testing for Anions and Cations Flashcards

1
Q

if a silver halide precipitate dissolves in the presence of dilute ammonia, what is the halide

A

chloride ion

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2
Q

how can you test for halide ions

A

add hno3 then add silver nitrate
white precipitate is chloride, cream is bromide, yellow is iodide

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3
Q

if a silver halide precipitate dissolves in the presence of concentrated ammonia, what is the halide

A

bromide

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4
Q

which silver halide doesnt dissolve in ammonia at all

A

silver iodide

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5
Q

how can you test for carbonate ions

A

add hcl, if effervescence then present, bubble the gas through limewater and if it goes cloudy then carbonate ions are present

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6
Q

how can you test for sulfate ions

A

add barium chloride, white precipitate means sulfate is present

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7
Q

how can you test for nitrate ions

A

nitrate ions will never form any kind of precipitate

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8
Q

how can you test for hydroxide ions

A

turn damp red litmus paper blue
and are alkaline so will turn universal indicator blue

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9
Q

what should you add to a compound to test which cation is present

A

sodium hydroxide solution

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10
Q

which ion forms a green ppt with NaOH

A

iron (II)

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11
Q

which ion forms a blue ppt with NaOH

A

copper (II)

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12
Q

which ion forms a brown/red ppt with NaOH

A

iron (ii)

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13
Q

which ions can form a white precipitate with NaOH

A

calcium, magnesium and aluminium

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14
Q

if a white precipitate forms with NaOH, how can we distinguish between the cation

A

add excess NaOH
if it dissolves then aluminium is present
if not then its either calium or magnesium
then u need to use flame tests, calcium produces a brick red flame

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15
Q

what cations are present if no precipitate forms with NaOH

A

ammonium, g2 or g1 metal

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16
Q

what colour is lithium flame

17
Q

what colour is sodium flame

18
Q

what colour is potassium flame

19
Q

what colour is calcium flame

20
Q

how can we test for ammonium ions after adding sodium hydroxide

A

warm the solution
the gas released will turn red litmus paper blue

21
Q

what gas is release when you warm an ammonium compound and sodium hydroxide solution
give the ionic equation

A

ammonia gas
NH4+ + OH- —-> NH3 + H2O

22
Q

whats a cation

A

a positive ion

23
Q

whats an anion

A

a negative ion