Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A-Level Chemistry > Chapter 11 - Intro to Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Intro to Organic Chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is organic chemistry

A

the study of carbon comoounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is an organic comound

A

a compound made up of carbon bonded to other elements, usually hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a general formula

A

an algebraic formula that describes a homologous series of organic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the empirical formula

A

a formula which shows the lowest whole number ratio of atoms of different elements present in compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the molecular formula

A

a formula showing the actual number or atoms of each element present in a compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the structural formula

A

a formula which shows how atoms are arranged in the molecule by tracing the carbon backbone and showing what atoms are bonding to what atoms, it indicates the functional group also.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the skeletalformula

A

a formula which displays the bonding framework using only lines, but shows the functional group using symbols
it traces the carbon carbon bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the displayed formula

A

a formula which shows the exact arrangement of all the atoms and every bond between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how can you determine the name of a n organic compound using its structural formula

A
  1. find the longest chain of hydrocarbons
  2. identify the key functional group
  3. number the chain of carbons starting with the carbon bonded closest to the functional group
  4. identify the side chain prefixes and the number carbon they are on
  5. add multipliers if there are multiple of the same side chains
  6. put it all together: start with the side chains in alphabetical order (the multipliers do not affect this) then add the name of the carbon chain and finally end with the functional group suffix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what defines a homologous series of compounds

A

all members have the same functional group and same general formula
each subsequent member differs by a CH2 unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a benzene ring

A

a hexagonal structure of carbon atoms with a ring of delocalised electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a saturated compound

A

a compound with only single c-c bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a saturated compound

A

a compound with double or triple bonds between C atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is an alkyl group

A

a side chain on an organic molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is an alkene

A

an organic molecule with a c double carbon bond
denoted by the suffix -ene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is an alkyne

A

an organic molecule with a c triple bond
denoted by the suffix -yne

17
Q

what is a halogenoalkane

A

an organic molecule which contains a halogen atom
denoted by the prefixes Fluoro- / Chloro- / Bromo- / Iodo-

18
Q

what is an alcohol

A

an organic molecule with a OH group bonded to a C atom
denoted by the suffix -ol

19
Q

what is an aldehyde

A

an organic molecule with an oxygen carbon double bond and a carbon hydrogen single bond on the same atom
denoted by the suffix -al

20
Q

what is a ketone

A

an organic molecule with an oxygen carbon double bond
denoted by the suffix -one

21
Q

what is a carboxylic acid

A

an organic molecule with a COOH group
denoted by the suffix -oic acid

22
Q

what is an ester

A

an organic molecule with two hydrcarbon chains joined by a -COO- group
denoted by alkyl (the first part of the molecule) -oate (the second part of the molecule)

23
Q

what is an amide

A

an organic molecule with an NH2 group
denoted by the suffix -amide

24
Q

what is an acyl chloride

A

an organic molecule with a COCl group (like the COOH group but the OH is replaced by a Cl atom)
denoted by the suffix -oyl chloride

25
Q

what is an arene

A

an aromatic hydrocarbon with delocalised electrons

denoted by the suffix -benzene (if it is a benzene) or the prefix phenyl-

26
Q

what is structural isomerism

A

molecules with the same molecular formulas but different displayed formulas
same number and type of atoms but different bonds

27
Q

what is stereoisomerism

A

molecules with the same molecular and displayed formulas, but different spatial arrangement of atoms

28
Q

what are the 3 types of structural isomers, define them

A

chain isomer- these differ with the carbon skeleton arrangement
positional isomers- have the functional group attached to different carbon atoms in the chain
functional group isomers- atoms which have different functional groups

29
Q

why do E/Z isomers occur

A

because of the limited rotation of a carbon carbon double bond
carbon carbon single bonds have unlimited rotation in contrast
you can only have E/Z isomerism of both sides of the double bond have two groups of different atomic number, for example H2C=CH(CH3) cannot have E/Z isomers

30
Q

what is a Z isomer

A

a molecule with the highest priority groups on the same side of the double bond

31
Q

what is an E isomer

A

a molecule wioth the highest priority groups on opposite sides of the double bond

32
Q

how is priority assigned in E/Z isomeris

A

using the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules
the group with the highest atomic number has priority

A-Level Chemistry (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions